Body macronutrient composition is predicted by lipid and not protein content of the diet.
Body macronutrient composition is predicted by lipid and not protein content of the diet.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.3529
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发表时间：
2017-12
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Walling CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moatt JP;Hambly C;Heap E;Kramer A;Moon F;Speakman JR;Walling CA
饮食是健康相关性状的重要决定因素，包括生长，繁殖和生存。最近的研究表明，蛋白质：脂质比例的变化，特别是饮食中蛋白质的含量是一个关键的营养参数。然而，介导膳食常量营养素比例和健身相关性状之间联系的性状还不太清楚。一个明显的候选者是身体成分，因为它与健康有着众所周知的联系。在这里，我们使用淡水鱼的第一代实验室种群，三棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus），研究饮食和身体常量营养素组成之间的关系。碳水化合物在掠食性鱼类的饮食中相对不重要，这有助于探索饮食中蛋白质与脂质的比例如何影响其在体内的相对沉积。我们发现，脂肪摄入量，而不是蛋白质，对身体蛋白质：脂质比的显着影响。重要的是，这不是吸收大量营养素与其在饮食中的相对丰度相关的结果，因为胴体蛋白质：脂质比率与饮食中的比率不同，身体中的比率通常低于饮食。这表明个体可以调节其对摄入的大量营养素的利用或摄取，以达到体内的目标平衡。我们发现饮食对游泳耐力、活动或睾丸大小没有影响。然而，体重对睾丸大小有影响，较大的雄性睾丸较大。我们的研究结果提供了证据，调整身体蛋白质：脂质比远离饮食。由于膳食脂质摄入是身体组成的关键决定因素，我们认为这是通过过量蛋白质的代谢发生的，这与蛋白质杠杆假说的预测相冲突。这些结果可能意味着蛋白质的转化和排泄是高蛋白饮食相关生存成本的原因之一。
Diet is an important determinant of fitness‐related traits including growth, reproduction, and survival. Recent work has suggested that variation in protein:lipid ratio and particularly the amount of protein in the diet is a key nutritional parameter. However, the traits that mediate the link between dietary macronutrient ratio and fitness‐related traits are less well understood. An obvious candidate is body composition, given its well‐known link to health. Here, we investigate the relationship between dietary and body macronutrient composition using a first‐generation laboratory population of a freshwater fish, the three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Carbohydrate is relatively unimportant in the diet of predatory fish, facilitating the exploration of how dietary protein‐to‐lipid ratio affects their relative deposition in the body. We find a significant effect of lipid intake, rather than protein, on body protein:lipid ratio. Importantly, this was not a result of absorbing macronutrients in relation to their relative abundance in the diet, as the carcass protein:lipid ratios differed from those of the diets, with ratios usually lower in the body than in the diet. This indicates that individuals can moderate their utilization, or uptake, of ingested macronutrients to reach a target balance within the body. We found no effect of diet on swimming endurance, activity, or testes size. However, there was an effect of weight on testes size, with larger males having larger testes. Our results provide evidence for the adjustment of body protein:lipid ratio away from that of the diet. As dietary lipid intake was the key determinant of body composition, we suggest this occurs via metabolism of excess protein, which conflicts with the predictions of the protein leverage hypothesis. These results could imply that the conversion and excretion of protein is one of the causes of the survival costs associated with high‐protein diets.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Chiba T;Tamashiro Y;Park D;Kusudo T;Fujie R;Komatsu T;Kim SE;Park S;Hayashi H;Mori R;Yamashita H;Chung HY;Shimokawa I
通讯作者：
Shimokawa I
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Fontana L;Partridge L
通讯作者：
Partridge L
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Alvarez, D;Metcalfe, NB
通讯作者：
Metcalfe, NB
DOI：
10.1080/00028487.2013.769899
发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Bentley, Kale T.;Schindler, Daniel E.
通讯作者：
Schindler, Daniel E.
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Huang, Xin;Hancock, Dale P.;Simpson, Stephen J.
通讯作者：
Simpson, Stephen J.