Cargo-Mediated Activation of Cytoplasmic Dynein in vivo.

Cargo-Mediated Activation of Cytoplasmic Dynein in vivo.
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DOI:
10.3389/fcell.2020.598952
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Qiu R
Qiu R
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xiang X;Qiu R

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细胞质动力蛋白-1 是一种负端定向的微管马达,可运输多种货物,包括早期内体、晚期内体和其他细胞器。在许多细胞类型中,动力蛋白积聚在微管正端,在那里它与其货物相互作用,向负端移动。动力蛋白通过动力蛋白复合物和特定的货物适配器与其各种货物结合。 Dynactin 和一些含有卷曲螺旋结构域的货物接头不仅将动力蛋白与货物连接,而且还激活动力蛋白的运动性,这意味着动力蛋白被其细胞货物激活。结构研究表明动力蛋白二聚体在自抑制 phi 状态和开放状态之间切换;动力蛋白和货物适配器与动力蛋白尾部的结合导致动力蛋白运动结构域具有平行配置,从而允许动力蛋白沿着微管持续行走。最近,动力蛋白调节剂LIS1已被证明是体内动力蛋白激活所必需的,其作用机制涉及防止动力蛋白转回自抑制状态。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论目前对动力蛋白激活的理解,并指出活细胞中动力蛋白空间调控的知识空白。此外,我们将强调研究一整套动力蛋白调节剂对于更好地了解体内动力蛋白调节的重要性。
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 is a minus-end-directed microtubule motor that transports a variety of cargoes including early endosomes, late endosomes and other organelles. In many cell types, dynein accumulates at the microtubule plus end, where it interacts with its cargo to be moved toward the minus end. Dynein binds to its various cargoes via the dynactin complex and specific cargo adapters. Dynactin and some of the coiled-coil-domain-containing cargo adapters not only link dynein to cargo but also activate dynein motility, which implies that dynein is activated by its cellular cargo. Structural studies indicate that a dynein dimer switches between the autoinhibited phi state and an open state; and the binding of dynactin and a cargo adapter to the dynein tails causes the dynein motor domains to have a parallel configuration, allowing dynein to walk processively along a microtubule. Recently, the dynein regulator LIS1 has been shown to be required for dynein activation in vivo, and its mechanism of action involves preventing dynein from switching back to the autoinhibited state. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of dynein activation and point out the gaps of knowledge on the spatial regulation of dynein in live cells. In addition, we will emphasize the importance of studying a complete set of dynein regulators for a better understanding of dynein regulation in vivo.
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