Measurement of heating coil temperature for e-cigarettes with a "top-coil" clearomizer.
Measurement of heating coil temperature for e-cigarettes with a "top-coil" clearomizer.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0195925
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kumagai K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen W;Wang P;Ito K;Fowles J;Shusterman D;Jaques PA;Kumagai K
为了确定所施加的功率设置、线圈湿度条件和电子液体组成对具有“顶部线圈”透明雾化器的电子烟的线圈加热温度的影响，并且通过将本文的结果与文献相结合来将线圈条件与有毒羰基化合物的排放相关联。在各种施加的功率水平、线圈条件和电子烟液组合物下测量第二代电子烟的线圈温度，包括（1）在三个电子烟液填充水平下通过热电偶测量（干、湿透芯和全湿），三个线圈电阻（低、标准和高），以及使用丙二醇（PG）作为测试液体的多个线圈的四种电压设置（3- 6V）;（2）对于使用PG的高电阻线圈，在额外的线圈湿度下通过热电偶进行测量;和（3）对于仅使用PG和使用PG与甘油的1：1（wt/wt）混合物（PG/GL）的高电阻线圈，通过热电偶和红外（IR）照相机进行测量。对于使用PG的单点热电偶测量，对于总共13个可更换的线圈头，在干燥、湿透芯和全湿条件下，线圈温度范围分别为322 - 1008°C、145 - 334°C和110 - 185°C。对于使用热电偶和红外相机测量的条件，所有热电偶测量值均在最小和最大跨线圈红外相机测量值之间，等于跨线圈平均值的74%-115%，具体取决于测试条件。红外摄像机显示了加热线圈上不均匀温度分布的细节。在湿透芯条件下的大的温度变化可以解释文献中报道的这种“顶部线圈”透明芳构化器的甲醛形成速率的大的变化。这项研究建立了一个简单而直接的协议，以系统地测量电子烟线圈在干燥，湿透芯和全湿条件下的加热温度。除了施加的功率之外，电子烟液的组成以及装置将电子烟液有效地递送到加热线圈的能力是影响线圈操作温度的重要产品设计因素。在制造商推荐的正常使用条件下对电子烟进行预防性温度检查，可能有助于减少与线圈过热相关的有毒羰基排放的健康风险。
To determine the effect of applied power settings, coil wetness conditions, and e-liquid compositions on the coil heating temperature for e-cigarettes with a “top-coil” clearomizer, and to make associations of coil conditions with emission of toxic carbonyl compounds by combining results herein with the literature. The coil temperature of a second generation e-cigarette was measured at various applied power levels, coil conditions, and e-liquid compositions, including (1) measurements by thermocouple at three e-liquid fill levels (dry, wet-through-wick, and full-wet), three coil resistances (low, standard, and high), and four voltage settings (3–6 V) for multiple coils using propylene glycol (PG) as a test liquid; (2) measurements by thermocouple at additional degrees of coil wetness for a high resistance coil using PG; and (3) measurements by both thermocouple and infrared (IR) camera for high resistance coils using PG alone and a 1:1 (wt/wt) mixture of PG and glycerol (PG/GL). For single point thermocouple measurements with PG, coil temperatures ranged from 322 ‒ 1008°C, 145 ‒ 334°C, and 110 ‒ 185°C under dry, wet-through-wick, and full-wet conditions, respectively, for the total of 13 replaceable coil heads. For conditions measured with both a thermocouple and an IR camera, all thermocouple measurements were between the minimum and maximum across-coil IR camera measurements and equal to 74% ‒ 115% of the across-coil mean, depending on test conditions. The IR camera showed details of the non-uniform temperature distribution across heating coils. The large temperature variations under wet-through-wick conditions may explain the large variations in formaldehyde formation rate reported in the literature for such “top-coil” clearomizers. This study established a simple and straight-forward protocol to systematically measure e-cigarette coil heating temperature under dry, wet-through-wick, and full-wet conditions. In addition to applied power, the composition of e-liquid, and the devices’ ability to efficiently deliver e-liquid to the heating coil are important product design factors effecting coil operating temperature. Precautionary temperature checks on e-cigarettes under manufacturer-recommended normal use conditions may help to reduce the health risks from exposure to toxic carbonyl emissions associated with coil overheating.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph111111192
发表时间：
2014-10-28
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bekki K;Uchiyama S;Ohta K;Inaba Y;Nakagome H;Kunugita N
通讯作者：
Kunugita N
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Talih, Soha;Balhas, Zainab;Shihadeh, Alan
通讯作者：
Shihadeh, Alan
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Schripp, T.;Markewitz, D.;Salthammer, T.
通讯作者：
Salthammer, T.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Gillman, I. G.;Kistler, K. A.;Paolantonio, A. R.
通讯作者：
Paolantonio, A. R.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Sleiman, Mohamad;Logue, Jennifer M.;Destaillats, Hugo
通讯作者：
Destaillats, Hugo