Efficient coding, channel capacity and the emergence of retinal mosaics

Efficient coding, channel capacity and the emergence of retinal mosaics
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高效编码、通道容量和视网膜马赛克的出现

DOI:
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
bioRxiv
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
John M. Pearson
John M. Pearson
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Na Young Jun;G. Field;John M. Pearson

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视网膜组织最显著的特征之一是其输出神经元(视网膜神经节细胞(RGC))分组为多种功能类型。这些类型中的每一种都表现出感受野(RF)的马赛克状组织,其平铺视网膜和视觉空间。以前的工作表明,许多功能的RGC组织,包括存在的ON和OFF细胞类型,空间RF的结构,以及它们的相对安排,可以预测的基础上,有效的编码理论。该理论认为,神经系统的组织是为了在编码刺激时最大化信息,同时最小化代谢成本。在这里,我们使用有效的编码理论,提出了一个全面的说明马赛克组织的情况下,自然的视频作为视网膜通道容量的模拟RGCs的数量可用于编码是不同的。我们发现,马赛克密度增加通道容量的一系列临界点,令人惊讶的是,新的细胞类型出现。每一个连续的细胞类型集中在越来越高的时间频率和整合信号在大的空间区域。此外,我们从理论上和模拟表明,从马赛克对齐到反对齐跨细胞类型的对的过渡,观察增加输出噪声和降低输入噪声。总之,这些结果提供了一个统一的观点,视网膜马赛克,有效的编码和通道容量之间的关系,可以帮助解释视网膜细胞类型的惊人的功能多样性。
Among the most striking features of retinal organization is the grouping of its output neurons, the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), into a diversity of functional types. Each of these types exhibits a mosaic-like organization of receptive fields (RFs) that tiles the retina and visual space. Previous work has shown that many features of RGC organization, including the existence of ON and OFF cell types, the structure of spatial RFs, and their relative arrangement, can be predicted on the basis of efficient coding theory. This theory posits that the nervous system is organized to maximize information in its encoding of stimuli while minimizing metabolic costs. Here, we use efficient coding theory to present a comprehensive account of mosaic organization in the case of natural videos as the retinal channel capacity—the number of simulated RGCs available for encoding—is varied. We show that mosaic density increases with channel capacity up to a series of critical points at which, surprisingly, new cell types emerge. Each successive cell type focuses on increasingly high temporal frequencies and integrates signals over large spatial areas. In addition, we show theoretically and in simulation that a transition from mosaic alignment to anti-alignment across pairs of cell types is observed with increasing output noise and decreasing input noise. Together, these results offer a unified perspective on the relationship between retinal mosaics, efficient coding, and channel capacity that can help to explain the stunning functional diversity of retinal cell types.
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