The neuroinflammatory response in humans after traumatic brain injury.
The neuroinflammatory response in humans after traumatic brain injury.
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DOI：
10.1111/nan.12008
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发表时间：
2013-10
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Nicoll JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith C;Gentleman SM;Leclercq PD;Murray LS;Griffin WS;Graham DI;Nicoll JA
外伤性脑损伤是世界范围内发病率和死亡率的重要原因。脑损伤与长期认知能力下降之间的流行病学关联已被描述多年，最近的临床研究强调了轻度脑损伤后12个月内的功能损伤。此外，慢性创伤性脑病是最近描述的情况下，反复头部损伤。创伤性脑损伤和阿尔茨海默病之间存在共同的机制，并且已经假设以小胶质细胞激活形式的神经炎症可能是创伤性脑损伤后慢性神经退行性过程的机制。本研究评估了不同年龄和生存期（从<24小时生存到47年生存）脑损伤后的小胶质细胞反应。对人体尸检脑组织进行反应性小胶质细胞（CD68和CR3/43）的免疫组化，并通过定量图像分析进行“盲”评估。将颅脑损伤病例与年龄匹配的对照组进行比较，并将颅脑损伤组中弥漫性外伤性轴索损伤病例与非弥漫性外伤性轴索损伤病例进行比较。一个主要的发现是神经炎症反应在创伤后的第一周内出现，并持续几个月，但在几年后恢复到控制水平。在弥漫性外伤性轴索损伤的病例中，小胶质细胞反应在白质中特别明显。这些结果表明，长时间的小胶质细胞激活是创伤性脑损伤的一个特征，但神经炎症反应在几年后恢复到控制水平。
Traumatic brain injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. An epidemiological association between head injury and long-term cognitive decline has been described for many years and recent clinical studies have highlighted functional impairment within 12 months of a mild head injury. In addition chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a recently described condition in cases of repetitive head injury. There are shared mechanisms between traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease, and it has been hypothesised that neuroinflammation, in the form of microglial activation, may be a mechanism underlying chronic neurodegenerative processes after traumatic brain injury. This study assessed the microglial reaction after head injury in a range of ages and survival periods, from <24 hours survival through to 47 years survival. Immunohistochemistry for reactive microglia (CD68 and CR3/43) was performed on human autopsy brain tissue and assessed “blind” by quantitative image analysis. Head injury cases were compared to age matched controls, and within the traumatic brain injury group cases with diffuse traumatic axonal injury were compared to cases without diffuse traumatic axonal injury. A major finding was a neuroinflammatory response which develops within the first week and persists for several months after TBI, but has returned to control levels after several years. In cases with diffuse traumatic axonal injury the microglial reaction is particularly pronounced in the white matter. These results demonstrate that prolonged microglial activation is a feature of traumatic brain injury, but that the neuroinflammatory response returns to control levels after several years.
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影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Edison, Paul;Archer, Hilary A.;Brooks, David J.
通讯作者：
Brooks, David J.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Gentleman, SM;Leclercq, PD;Nicoll, JAR
通讯作者：
Nicoll, JAR
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Engel, S;Schluesener, H;Meyermann, R
通讯作者：
Meyermann, R
DOI：
10.1016/0167-5699(95)80045-x
发表时间：
1995-11-01
期刊：
IMMUNOLOGY TODAY
影响因子：
--
作者：
DIVIRGILIO, F
通讯作者：
DIVIRGILIO, F
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Klegeris, A;Bissonnette, CJ;McGeer, PL
通讯作者：
McGeer, PL