Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings.
Younger and Late Middle-Aged Adults Exhibit Different Patterns of Cognitive-Motor Interference During Locomotor Adaptation, With No Disruption of Savings.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2021.729284
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Leech KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rossi C;Roemmich RT;Schweighofer N;Bastian AJ;Leech KA
有人提出，运动适应和随后的储蓄（或更快的再学习）的适应运动模式是由认知过程介导的。在这里，我们评估了认知运动干扰的模式，出现时，年轻人和中年后期的成年人在运动适应执行工作记忆任务。我们还询问，这是否会干扰新学习的行走模式的储存，正如一项关于达到适应的研究所建议的那样。我们研究了年轻（21 ± 2岁）和中年晚期（56 ± 6岁）成年人在适应过程中有或没有二级2-back任务的分裂带跑步机适应和储蓄。我们发现，年轻人在基线和适应过程中表现出相似的2-back任务，这表明双重任务对认知性能没有影响;然而，双重任务干扰了前几步的适应。相反，双重任务导致中年后期成年人的认知表现下降，对适应没有影响。为了确定这种影响是否是特定的适应，我们还评估了双任务干扰在中年后期的成年人，双任务，而在一个复杂的环境中行走，不诱导运动适应。这一组表现出较少的认知运动干扰比中年后期的成年人谁在适应过程中的双重任务。在年轻人和中年后期的成年人中，双重任务的节省不受影响，这可能表明了不同的潜在机制，以节省伸手和步行。总的来说，我们的研究结果揭示了双重任务运动适应过程中认知运动干扰的年龄依赖性影响，并且无论年龄如何，双重任务对储蓄没有影响。年轻的成年人保持认知能力，并表现出轻微的运动适应性下降，而中年后期的成年人适应运动的认知能力为代价。
It has been proposed that motor adaptation and subsequent savings (or faster relearning) of an adapted movement pattern are mediated by cognitive processes. Here, we evaluated the pattern of cognitive-motor interference that emerges when young and late middle-aged adults perform an executive working memory task during locomotor adaptation. We also asked if this interferes with savings of a newly learned walking pattern, as has been suggested by a study of reaching adaptation. We studied split-belt treadmill adaptation and savings in young (21 ± 2 y/o) and late middle-aged (56 ± 6 y/o) adults with or without a secondary 2-back task during adaptation. We found that young adults showed similar performance on the 2-back task during baseline and adaptation, suggesting no effect of the dual-task on cognitive performance; however, dual-tasking interfered with adaptation over the first few steps. Conversely, dual-tasking caused a decrement in cognitive performance in late middle-aged adults with no effect on adaptation. To determine if this effect was specific to adaptation, we also evaluated dual-task interference in late middle-aged adults that dual-tasked while walking in a complex environment that did not induce motor adaptation. This group exhibited less cognitive-motor interference than late middle-aged adults who dual-tasked during adaptation. Savings was unaffected by dual-tasking in both young and late middle-aged adults, which may indicate different underlying mechanisms for savings of reaching and walking. Collectively, our findings reveal an age-dependent effect of cognitive-motor interference during dual-task locomotor adaptation and no effect of dual-tasking on savings, regardless of age. Young adults maintain cognitive performance and show a mild decrement in locomotor adaptation, while late middle-aged adults adapt locomotion at the expense of cognitive performance.
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