Chitin regulation of immune responses: an old molecule with new roles.

Chitin regulation of immune responses: an old molecule with new roles.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.coi.2008.10.002
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发表时间:
2008-12
影响因子:
7
通讯作者:
Elias, Jack A.
Elias, Jack A.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lee, Chun Geun;Da Silva, Carla A.;Lee, Jae-Young;Hartl, Dominik;Elias, Jack A.

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几丁质是自然界中含量第二丰富的多糖,通常存在于真菌、甲壳类动物和昆虫等低等生物中,但不存在于哺乳动物中。尽管几丁质及其衍生物的非特异性抗病毒和抗肿瘤活性早在20年前就已被描述,但几丁质的免疫作用直到最近才得到解决。最近的研究表明,几丁质对先天和适应性免疫反应具有复杂的大小依赖性作用,包括招募和激活先天免疫细胞的能力,以及通过各种细胞表面受体(包括巨噬细胞甘露糖受体、toll样受体2 (TLR-2)和Dectin-1)诱导细胞因子和趋化因子的产生。他们还证明了几丁质在过敏原诱导的1型或2型炎症中的辅助作用,并提供了几丁质酶和几丁质酶样蛋白(C/CLP)在肺部炎症中的重要作用的见解。强调了该领域的现状和争议领域。
Chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, is commonly found in lower organisms such as fungi, crustaceans and insects, but not in mammals. Although the non-specific anti-viral and anti-tumor activities of chitin/chitin derivatives were described two decades ago, the immunological effects of chitin have been only recently been addressed. Recent studies demonstrated that chitin has complex and size-dependent effects on innate and adaptive immune responses including the ability to recruit and activate innate immune cells and induce cytokine and chemokine production via a variety of cell surface receptors including macrophage mannose receptor, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), and Dectin-1. They also demonstrated adjuvant effects of chitin in allergen-induced Type 1 or Type 2 inflammation and provided insights into the important roles of chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (C/CLP) in pulmonary inflammation. The status of the field and areas of controversy are highlighted.
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