Reticulons promote formation of ER-derived double-membrane vesicles that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication.

Reticulons promote formation of ER-derived double-membrane vesicles that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.202203060
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发表时间:
2023-07-03
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
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SARS-CoV-2是COVID-19的病原体。了解SARS-CoV-2如何利用宿主因素复制其基因组非常重要。在这里,作者证明了两种ER膜蛋白RTN 3和RTN 4被SARS-CoV-2劫持,以帮助促进病毒诱导的双膜囊泡的形成,这对有效的病毒基因组复制至关重要。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)是全球COVID-19大流行的病原体,在宿主细胞中触发内质网(ER)衍生的复制细胞器(包括双膜囊泡(DMV))的形成,以支持病毒复制。在这里,我们阐明了SARS-CoV-2如何劫持宿主因子来构建DMV。我们发现ER形态发生蛋白reticulon-3(RTN 3)和RTN 4有助于驱动DMV形成,使病毒复制,从而导致生产性感染。不同的SARS-CoV-2变体,包括delta变体,使用RTN依赖性途径来促进感染。从机制上讲,我们的研究结果表明,RTNs的膜包埋的reticulon同源结构域(RHD)足以在功能上支持病毒复制,并在物理上参与NSP 3和NSP 4,这两种已知诱导DMV形成的病毒非结构膜蛋白。因此,我们的研究结果确定了ER形态发生RTN 3和RTN 4膜蛋白作为宿主因子,有助于促进SARS-CoV-2诱导的DMV的生物合成,DMV可以作为病毒复制平台。
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiologic agent of COVID-19. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 exploits host factors to replicate its genome is of great importance. Here, the authors demonstrate that two ER membrane proteins, RTN3 and RTN4, are hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 to help promote the formation of virally induced double-membrane vesicles that are critical for efficient viral genome replication. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent for the global COVID-19 pandemic, triggers the formation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived replication organelles, including double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), in the host cell to support viral replication. Here, we clarify how SARS-CoV-2 hijacks host factors to construct the DMVs. We show that the ER morphogenic proteins reticulon-3 (RTN3) and RTN4 help drive DMV formation, enabling viral replication, which leads to productive infection. Different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the delta variant, use the RTN-dependent pathway to promote infection. Mechanistically, our results reveal that the membrane-embedded reticulon homology domain (RHD) of the RTNs is sufficient to functionally support viral replication and physically engage NSP3 and NSP4, two viral non-structural membrane proteins known to induce DMV formation. Our findings thus identify the ER morphogenic RTN3 and RTN4 membrane proteins as host factors that help promote the biogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced DMVs, which can act as viral replication platforms.
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