Reticulons promote formation of ER-derived double-membrane vesicles that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication.
Reticulons promote formation of ER-derived double-membrane vesicles that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.202203060
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发表时间:
2023-07-03
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SARS-CoV-2 is the etiologic agent of COVID-19. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 exploits host factors to replicate its genome is of great importance. Here, the authors demonstrate that two ER membrane proteins, RTN3 and RTN4, are hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 to help promote the formation of virally induced double-membrane vesicles that are critical for efficient viral genome replication. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent for the global COVID-19 pandemic, triggers the formation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived replication organelles, including double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), in the host cell to support viral replication. Here, we clarify how SARS-CoV-2 hijacks host factors to construct the DMVs. We show that the ER morphogenic proteins reticulon-3 (RTN3) and RTN4 help drive DMV formation, enabling viral replication, which leads to productive infection. Different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the delta variant, use the RTN-dependent pathway to promote infection. Mechanistically, our results reveal that the membrane-embedded reticulon homology domain (RHD) of the RTNs is sufficient to functionally support viral replication and physically engage NSP3 and NSP4, two viral non-structural membrane proteins known to induce DMV formation. Our findings thus identify the ER morphogenic RTN3 and RTN4 membrane proteins as host factors that help promote the biogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced DMVs, which can act as viral replication platforms.
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