Bacterial endosymbiosis in a chordate host: long-term co-evolution and conservation of secondary metabolism.
Bacterial endosymbiosis in a chordate host: long-term co-evolution and conservation of secondary metabolism.
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脊全宿主中的细菌性内生物无生物：长期共同进化和继发代谢。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0080822
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schmidt EW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kwan JC;Schmidt EW
细胞内共生现象在昆虫中广泛存在，但在其他类型的宿主中却鲜有报道。这些共生体进行有用的活动，如合成营养物质和赋予抵抗不利事件，如寄生。这种共生体通过宿主物种形成事件持续存在，通过垂直传播传递下来。由于各种进化力量，共生体经历了基因组减少的过程，最终导致微小的基因组，其中只有那些对立即生存至关重要的基因和那些对宿主有益的基因仍然存在。在海洋环境中，已知被囊动物等无脊椎动物含有复杂的微生物组，这些微生物组涉及有毒的天然产品的生产，可能具有防御功能。在这里，我们表明，细胞内的共生体Endolissoclinum faulkneri是一个长期的共生体的被囊Lissoclinum髌骨，一直坚持通过神秘的物种的主机。与昆虫共生体的已知例子相反，它们往往是相对较新或古老的关系，Ca. E. Faulkneri具有非常低的编码密度，但几乎没有可识别的假基因。基因间区几乎完全降解，并稳定的基因库存的现存菌株的钙。E. faulkneri的研究表明，进一步的退化和缺失正在非常缓慢地发生。这是基因组还原的一个新阶段，并提供了对微小基因组如何形成的见解。ptz途径，产生防御性髌骨，显示日期之前的分歧，钙。E. faulkneri菌株，加强了它在这种共生关系中的重要性。最后，在昆虫中，我们证明了稳定的共生体可以丢失，正如我们描述的L。髌骨动物，其中Ca. E. faulkneri被可能的细胞内病原体取代。我们的研究结果表明，细胞内的共生体可能是一个重要的来源，生态意义的天然产物在动物。
Intracellular symbiosis is known to be widespread in insects, but there are few described examples in other types of host. These symbionts carry out useful activities such as synthesizing nutrients and conferring resistance against adverse events such as parasitism. Such symbionts persist through host speciation events, being passed down through vertical transmission. Due to various evolutionary forces, symbionts go through a process of genome reduction, eventually resulting in tiny genomes where only those genes essential to immediate survival and those beneficial to the host remain. In the marine environment, invertebrates such as tunicates are known to harbor complex microbiomes implicated in the production of natural products that are toxic and probably serve a defensive function. Here, we show that the intracellular symbiont Candidatus Endolissoclinum faulkneri is a long-standing symbiont of the tunicate Lissoclinum patella, that has persisted through cryptic speciation of the host. In contrast to the known examples of insect symbionts, which tend to be either relatively recent or ancient relationships, the genome of Ca. E. faulkneri has a very low coding density but very few recognizable pseudogenes. The almost complete degradation of intergenic regions and stable gene inventory of extant strains of Ca. E. faulkneri show that further degradation and deletion is happening very slowly. This is a novel stage of genome reduction and provides insight into how tiny genomes are formed. The ptz pathway, which produces the defensive patellazoles, is shown to date to before the divergence of Ca. E. faulkneri strains, reinforcing its importance in this symbiotic relationship. Lastly, as in insects we show that stable symbionts can be lost, as we describe an L. patella animal where Ca. E. faulkneri is displaced by a likely intracellular pathogen. Our results suggest that intracellular symbionts may be an important source of ecologically significant natural products in animals.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Dunning Hotopp JC;Lin M;Madupu R;Crabtree J;Angiuoli SV;Eisen JA;Seshadri R;Ren Q;Wu M;Utterback TR;Smith S;Lewis M;Khouri H;Zhang C;Niu H;Lin Q;Ohashi N;Zhi N;Nelson W;Brinkac LM;Dodson RJ;Rosovitz MJ;Sundaram J;Daugherty SC;Davidsen T;Durkin AS;Gwinn M;Haft DH;Selengut JD;Sullivan SA;Zafar N;Zhou L;Benahmed F;Forberger H;Halpin R;Mulligan S;Robinson J;White O;Rikihisa Y;Tettelin H
通讯作者：
Tettelin H
DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025
发表时间：
2003-08-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
deWaard, JR
影响因子：
--
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影响因子：
3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
14.9
作者：
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