Response of litter decomposition and related soil enzyme activities to different forms of nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical forest
Response of litter decomposition and related soil enzyme activities to different forms of nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical forest
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亚热带森林凋落物分解及相关土壤酶活性对不同施氮形式的响应
DOI：
10.1007/s11284-011-0805-8
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发表时间：
2011-02
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Tian, Xingjun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Congyan;Han, Guomin;Jia, Yong;Feng, Xiaoguang;Guo, Peng;Tian, Xingjun
随着人类活动对生态系统影响的不断增加，生态学家越来越有兴趣了解氮沉降对凋落物分解的影响。目前，已有大量研究探讨了单一形态氮肥对森林生态系统凋落物分解的影响。然而，氮沉降的形式各不相同，预计未来不同形式氮沉降的相对重要性将发生变化。因此，确定不同形式的氮沉降对森林生态系统凋落物分解的影响是一项紧迫的任务。本研究选取紫金山两种优势凋落物类型：演替晚期阔叶林的锐叶栎和演替早期针叶林的马尾松。凋落物样品在原始森林土壤的微宇宙中孵育，并用四种不同形式的氮肥[NH 4+，NO3-，CO（NH 2）2，以及所有三种的混合物]进行处理。在5个月的培养期内，凋落物质量损失，土壤pH值和土壤酶活性进行了测定。结果表明，4种施氮方式均能显著加快阔叶林凋落物分解速率，而只有2种施氮方式（即，混合氮和CO（NH 2）2]显著加速针叶林凋落物分解速率。混合施氮处理凋落物分解速率高于单一施氮处理。所有形式的氮肥都增强了土壤酶活性（即，过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、转化酶、多酚氧化酶、硝酸还原酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶）。混合施氮条件下的土壤酶活性高于任何单一施氮形式下的土壤酶活性。这些结果表明，在不同的施氮方式下，不同的森林类型凋落物分解的主要降解酶的类型和活性不同。他们还表明，一个长期的后果，N沉积引起的加速凋落物分解率在亚热带森林可能是释放的碳储存在地下到大气中。
With the continuing increase in the impact of human activities on ecosystems, ecologists are increasingly becoming interested in understanding the effects of nitrogen deposition on litter decomposition. At present, numerous studies have investigated the effects of single form of nitrogen fertilization on litter decomposition in forest ecosystems. However, forms of N deposition vary, and changes in the relative importance of different forms of N deposition are expected in the future. Thus, identifying the effects of different forms of N deposition on litter decomposition in forest ecosystems is a pressing task. In this study, two dominant litter types were chosen from Zijin Mountain in China:Quercus acutissimaleaves from a late succession broad-leaved forest andPinus massoniananeedles from an early succession coniferous forest. The litter samples were incubated in microcosms with original forest soil and treated with four different forms of nitrogen fertilization [NH4+, NO3−, CO(NH2)2, and a mix of all three]. During a 5-month incubation period, litter mass losses, soil pH values, and soil enzyme activities were determined. Results show that all four forms of nitrogen fertilization significantly accelerate litter decomposition rates in the broadleaf forest, while only two forms of nitrogen fertilization [i.e., mixed nitrogen and CO(NH2)2] significantly accelerate litter decomposition rates in the coniferous forest. Litter decomposition rates with the mixed nitrogen fertilization were higher than those in any single form of nitrogen fertilization. All forms of nitrogen fertilization enhanced soil enzyme activities (i.e., catalase, cellulase, invertase, polyphenol oxidase, nitrate reductase, urease, and acid phosphatase) during the litter decomposition process for the two forest types. Soil enzyme activities under the mixed nitrogen fertilization were higher than those under any single form of nitrogen fertilization. These results suggest that the type and activity of the major degradative enzymes involved in litter decomposition vary in different forest types under different forms of nitrogen fertilization. They also indicate that a long-term consequence of N deposition-induced acceleration of litter decomposition rates in subtropical forests may be the release of carbon stored belowground to the atmosphere.
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