Predictors of urinary flame retardant concentration among pregnant women.
Predictors of urinary flame retardant concentration among pregnant women.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.007
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发表时间：
2017-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Daniels, Julie L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoffman, Kate;Lorenzo, Amelia;Butt, Craig M.;Adair, Linda;Herring, Amy H.;Stapleton, Heather M.;Daniels, Julie L.
有机磷酸酯化合物通常用作住宅家具、电子产品和婴儿产品中的阻燃剂，也用作其他消费品中的增塑剂。尽管儿童中暴露生物标志物的水平通常较高，并随着年龄的增长而降低，但人们对与较高暴露水平相关的个体特征知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了一组孕妇中几种有机磷酸酯阻燃剂 (PFR) 的尿液代谢物，以评估暴露模式。作为妊娠感染和营养研究（2002-2005）的一部分，北卡罗来纳州孕妇（n=349）提供了有关其个人特征（例如年龄和体重指数（BMI））的信息。妇女还提供了中期妊娠尿液样本，其中使用质谱方法测量了六种 PFR 代谢物。每个尿液样本中均检测到 PFR 代谢物，其中 80% 以上的样本中检测到 BDCIPP、DHPH、ip-PPP 和 BCIPHIPP。几何平均浓度高于之前报道的相似时间队列的浓度。孕前体重指数较高的女性尿液代谢物水平往往较高。例如，那些在怀孕初期被归类为肥胖的女性的 ip-PPP 水平是正常体重范围女性的 1.52 倍（95% 置信区间：1.23、1.89）。没有生育过的女性尿中 DPHP 水平也较高，但 ip-PPP 水平较低。此外，我们还看到了代谢物浓度季节性趋势的有力证据（例如，夏季 DPHP、BDCIPP 和 BCIPHIPP 较高，以及 2002 年至 2005 年间 ip-PPP 增加的证据）。我们的结果表明 2000 年代初北卡罗来纳州女性普遍接触 PFR。此外，我们的工作表明，个体特征与暴露有关，并且可能存在季节性和年度的时间变化。
Organophosphate compounds are commonly used in residential furniture, electronics, and baby products as flame retardants and are also used in other consumer products as plasticizers. Although the levels of exposure biomarkers are generally higher among children and decrease with age, relatively little is known about the individual characteristics associated with higher levels of exposure. Here, we investigate urinary metabolites of several organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) in a cohort of pregnant women to evaluate patterns of exposure. Pregnant North Carolina women (n=349) provided information on their individual characteristics (e.g. age and body mass index (BMI)) as a part of the Pregnancy Infection and Nutrition Study (2002–2005). Women also provided second trimester urine samples in which six PFR metabolites were measured using mass spectrometry methods. PFR metabolites were detected in every urine sample, with BDCIPP, DHPH, ip-PPP and BCIPHIPP detected in >80% of samples. Geometric mean concentrations were higher than what has been reported previously for similarly-timed cohorts. Women with higher pre-pregnancy BMI tended to have higher levels of urinary metabolites. For example, those classified as obese at the start of pregnancy had ip-PPP levels that were 1.52 times as high as normal weight range women (95% confidence interval: 1.23, 1.89). Women without previous children also tended to have higher urinary levels of DPHP, but lower levels of ip-PPP. In addition, we saw strong evidence of seasonal trends in metabolite concentrations (e.g. higher DPHP, BDCIPP, and BCIPHIPP in summer, and evidence of increasing ip-PPP between 2002 and 2005). Our results indicate ubiquitous exposure to PFRs among NC women in the early 2000s. Additionally, our work suggests that individual characteristics are related to exposure and that temporal variation, both seasonal and annual, may exist.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Hammel SC;Hoffman K;Webster TF;Anderson KA;Stapleton HM
通讯作者：
Stapleton HM
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Ballesteros-Gomez, A.;Brandsma, S. H.;Leonards, P. E. G.
通讯作者：
Leonards, P. E. G.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Dishaw LV;Powers CM;Ryde IT;Roberts SC;Seidler FJ;Slotkin TA;Stapleton HM
通讯作者：
Stapleton HM
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Hoffman, Kate;Daniels, Julie L.;Stapleton, Heather M.
通讯作者：
Stapleton, Heather M.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Hoffman, Kate;Butt, Craig M.;Stapleton, Heather M.
通讯作者：
Stapleton, Heather M.