Do chimpanzees use weight to select hammer tools?

Do chimpanzees use weight to select hammer tools?
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0041044
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Hirata S
Hirata S
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schrauf C;Call J;Fuwa K;Hirata S

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使用工具的动物考虑相关任务参数的程度知之甚少。螺母开裂是使用工具的最复杂形式之一,选择合适的锤子是成功的关键方面。锤子的几个特性使其适合坚果破碎,重量是决定打击效果的关键因素;一般来说,重量越大,所需的打击次数越少。这项研究通过实验研究了黑猩猩是否能够将重量的相关性编码为锤子敲开坚果的属性。通过向黑猩猩展示三个重量不同的锤子,我们评估了他们将不同工具的重量与其有效性联系起来的能力,从而选择最有效的工具。我们的研究结果表明,黑猩猩在选择工具来敲开坚果时只使用重量,这种经验明显影响了受试者对与手头任务相关的工具属性的注意力。黑猩猩可以编码一个坚果开裂工具应该满足的要求(在重量方面)是有效的。
The extent to which tool-using animals take into account relevant task parameters is poorly understood. Nut cracking is one of the most complex forms of tool use, the choice of an adequate hammer being a critical aspect in success. Several properties make a hammer suitable for nut cracking, with weight being a key factor in determining the impact of a strike; in general, the greater the weight the fewer strikes required. This study experimentally investigated whether chimpanzees are able to encode the relevance of weight as a property of hammers to crack open nuts. By presenting chimpanzees with three hammers that differed solely in weight, we assessed their ability to relate the weight of the different tools with their effectiveness and thus select the most effective one(s). Our results show that chimpanzees use weight alone in selecting tools to crack open nuts and that experience clearly affects the subjects’ attentiveness to the tool properties that are relevant for the task at hand. Chimpanzees can encode the requirements that a nut-cracking tool should meet (in terms of weight) to be effective.
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