Postdiction: its implications on visual awareness, hindsight, and sense of agency.

Postdiction: its implications on visual awareness, hindsight, and sense of agency.
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DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00196
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Shimojo S
Shimojo S
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shimojo S

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有一些已知的后知觉现象,在这些现象中,一个后来呈现的刺激似乎因果地影响了先前呈现的另一个刺激的感知。虽然后向掩蔽是一个经典的例子,但闪光滞后效应以各种有趣的发现刺激了理论家。TMS引发的暗点与它的“反向填充”一起提供了一个独特的神经科学案例。研究结果表明,不同的视觉属性以后向方式重新组织,以便彼此一致,或在因果关系框架中保持一致。在潜在机制方面,我们考虑了四种典型模型:“追赶”、“再入”、“不同路径”和“记忆修正”模型。通过将后向现象的列表扩展到记忆、感觉-运动和更高水平的认知,人们可能会注意到,这种后向重建可能是神经计算的一般原理,在时间尺度上从毫秒到几个月,从局部神经元相互作用到复杂大脑中的远程连接。“后设现象”的操作定义可以适用于如此广泛的时间范围内的感觉/认知效应,即使潜在的神经机制可能在不同的时间尺度上有所不同。这对于从功能、心理物理和神经科学的角度来解释“自由意志”和“代理感”具有重大意义。
There are a few postdictive perceptual phenomena known, in which a stimulus presented later seems causally to affect the percept of another stimulus presented earlier. While backward masking provides a classical example, the flash lag effect stimulates theorists with a variety of intriguing findings. The TMS-triggered scotoma together with “backward filling-in” of it offer a unique neuroscientific case. Findings suggest that various visual attributes are reorganized in a postdictive fashion to be consistent with each other, or to be consistent in a causality framework. In terms of the underlying mechanisms, four prototypical models have been considered: the “catch up,” the “reentry,” the “different pathway” and the “memory revision” models. By extending the list of postdictive phenomena to memory, sensory-motor and higher-level cognition, one may note that such a postdictive reconstruction may be a general principle of neural computation, ranging from milliseconds to months in a time scale, from local neuronal interactions to long-range connectivity, in the complex brain. The operational definition of the “postdictive phenomenon” can be applicable to such a wide range of sensory/cognitive effects across a wide range of time scale, even though the underlying neural mechanisms may vary across them. This has significant implications in interpreting “free will” and “sense of agency” in functional, psychophysical and neuroscientific terms.
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