DHEA effects on brain and behavior: Insights from comparative studies of aggression

DHEA effects on brain and behavior: Insights from comparative studies of aggression
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DHEA 对大脑和行为的影响:攻击性比较研究的见解

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.05.011
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Demas, Gregory E.
Demas, Gregory E.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Soma, Kiran K.;Rendon, Nikki M.;Boonstra, Rudy;Albers, H. Elliott;Demas, Gregory E.

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从历史上看,攻击性神经内分泌学的研究一直以大脑从性腺接收性类固醇激素(例如睾酮(T))为主,然后这些性腺激素调节行为相关的神经回路。虽然这种范式对于推进该领域非常有用,但最近的研究揭示了重要的替代方案。例如,大多数脊椎动物物种都是季节性繁殖者,许多物种在繁殖季节之外表现出攻击性,此时性腺退化并且性腺类固醇的循环水平相对较低。对多种鸟类和哺乳动物的研究表明,肾上腺脱氢表雄酮 (DHEA)(雄激素前体和激素原)对于性腺 T 合成较低时攻击性的表达非常重要。循环中的 DHEA 可在大脑内转化为活性性类固醇。此外,大脑可以从胆固醇中重新合成性类固醇,从而将脑类固醇水平与循环类固醇水平脱钩。这些向特定神经回路提供性类固醇的替代机制可能已经进化,以避免非繁殖季节高循环 T 水平的成本。季节的生理指标(例如褪黑激素)可能会让动物在一年中从一种神经内分泌机制切换到另一种神经内分泌机制。 DHEA 和神经类固醇可能对于控制包括人类在内的许多物种的多种行为很重要。这些研究对 DHEA 分泌的调节、DHEA 影响行为的机制以及受 DHEA 调节的大脑区域和神经过程产生了基本的见解。显然,大脑是 DHEA 合成和作用的重要场所。本文是题为“DHEA 的基本作用”特刊的一部分。
Historically, research on the neuroendocrinology of aggression has been dominated by the paradigm that the brain receives sex steroid hormones, such as testosterone (T), from the gonads, and then these gonadal hormones modulate behaviorally relevant neural circuits. While this paradigm has been extremely useful for advancing the field, recent studies reveal important alternatives. For example, most vertebrate species are seasonal breeders, and many species show aggression outside of the breeding season, when the gonads are regressed and circulating levels of gonadal steroids are relatively low. Studies in diverse avian and mammalian species suggest that adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an androgen precursor and prohormone, is important for the expression of aggression when gonadal T synthesis is low. Circulating DHEA can be converted into active sex steroids within the brain. In addition, the brain can synthesize sex steroids de novo from cholesterol, thereby uncoupling brain steroid levels from circulating steroid levels. These alternative mechanisms to provide sex steroids to specific neural circuits may have evolved to avoid the costs of high circulating T levels during the non-breeding season. Physiological indicators of season (e.g., melatonin) may allow animals to switch from one neuroendocrine mechanism to another across the year. DHEA and neurosteroids are likely to be important for the control of multiple behaviors in many species, including humans. These studies yield fundamental insights into the regulation of DHEA secretion, the mechanisms by which DHEA affects behavior, and the brain regions and neural processes that are modulated by DHEA. It is clear that the brain is an important site of DHEA synthesis and action.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Essential role of DHEA’.
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