Quantifying brain microstructure with diffusion MRI: Theory and parameter estimation.

Quantifying brain microstructure with diffusion MRI: Theory and parameter estimation.
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用扩散MRI量化脑微观结构:理论和参数估计。

DOI:
10.1002/nbm.3998
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发表时间:
2019-04
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Kiselev VG
Kiselev VG
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Novikov DS;Fieremans E;Jespersen SN;Kiselev VG

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我们回顾,系统化和讨论模型的扩散在神经元组织中,通过把它们放在一个总体的物理背景下,粗粒化的扩散长度不断增加的规模。从这个角度来看,我们认为量化大脑微观结构的研究是沿着沿着三条主要途径进行的。第一种途径集中在瞬态,或时间依赖性,扩散的影响。这些影响意味着组织结构的逐渐粗粒化,这在不同的脑组织隔室中发生质的不同。我们发现,瞬态效应包含有关神经元组织的相关长度尺度的信息,如神经元纤维的包装相关长度,以及沿沿着神经突的结构紊乱的程度。第二种途径对应于长时间限制,当观察到的信号可以近似为多个非交换各向异性高斯分量的总和。这里的挑战在于参数估计和解决其隐藏的退化。第三种途径采用多个扩散编码技术,能够访问不包含在传统的扩散传播的信息。最后,我们展望了未来的方向,可以打开令人兴奋的组织生理学和病理学的定量标记物的设计的基础上,在无序系统中的介观运输的方法。
We review, systematize and discuss models of diffusion in neuronal tissue, by putting them into an overarching physical context of coarse-graining over an increasing diffusion length scale. From this perspective, we view research on quantifying brain microstructure as occurring along the three major avenues. The first avenue focusses on the transient, or time-dependent, effects in diffusion. These effects signify the gradual coarse-graining of tissue structure, which occurs qualitatively differently in different brain tissue compartments. We show that the transient effects contain information about the relevant length scales for neuronal tissue, such as the packing correlation length for neuronal fibers, as well as the degree of structural disorder along the neurites. The second avenue corresponds to the long-time limit, when the observed signal can be approximated as a sum of multiple non-exchanging anisotropic Gaussian components. Here the challenge lies in parameter estimation and in resolving its hidden degeneracies. The third avenue employs multiple diffusion encoding techniques, able to access information not contained in the conventional diffusion propagator. We conclude with our outlook on the future directions which can open exciting possibilities for designing quantitative markers of tissue physiology and pathology, based on methods of studying mesoscopic transport in disordered systems.
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