Age-related slowing of response selection and production in a visual choice reaction time task.
Age-related slowing of response selection and production in a visual choice reaction time task.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2015.00193
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Reed B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Woods DL;Wyma JM;Yund EW;Herron TJ;Reed B
衰老与选择反应时间(CRT)任务中的延迟加工有关，但受衰老影响最大的加工阶段尚未明确。在这里，我们分析了CRT潜伏期在一个计算机化的连续视觉特征-连接任务。参与者通过按下一个鼠标按键对目标字母(概率40%)做出反应，并通过按下另一个鼠标按键对与目标字母在颜色、形状或两个特征上都不同(概率各为20%)的分心字母做出反应。刺激被随机呈现在左右视野中，刺激起始不同步(SOA)在正确的反应后被自适应地减少，使用阶梯程序。在实验1中，我们测试了1466名年龄在18岁到65岁之间的参与者。CRT潜伏期随年龄增长显著增加(r=0.47，2.80ms/年)。通过从CRT潜伏期减去简单反应时间(SRT)，中央处理时间(CPT)占与年龄相关的CRT减慢的80%以上，其余大部分潜伏期的增加是由于运动反应减慢。当刺激位置与用于响应的鼠标按键在空间上兼容时，参与者会更快、更准确，而且这种影响随着年龄的增长而略有增加。与没有目标特征的分心物相比，参与者对有目标颜色或形状的分心物的反应时间更长。然而，辨别更像靶子的干扰物所需的额外时间并没有随着年龄的增长而增加。在实验2中，我们在178名参与者(年龄在18-82岁)中复制了实验1的发现。CRT潜伏期在两个实验中没有显著差异，年龄、分心物相似性和刺激-反应空间兼容性的影响相似。结果表明，与年龄相关的视觉CRT潜伏期的减慢很大程度上是由于反应选择和产生的延迟。
Aging is associated with delayed processing in choice reaction time (CRT) tasks, but the processing stages most impacted by aging have not been clearly identified. Here, we analyzed CRT latencies in a computerized serial visual feature-conjunction task. Participants responded to a target letter (probability 40%) by pressing one mouse button, and responded to distractor letters differing either in color, shape, or both features from the target (probabilities 20% each) by pressing the other mouse button. Stimuli were presented randomly to the left and right visual fields and stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) were adaptively reduced following correct responses using a staircase procedure. In Experiment 1, we tested 1466 participants who ranged in age from 18 to 65 years. CRT latencies increased significantly with age (r = 0.47, 2.80 ms/year). Central processing time (CPT), isolated by subtracting simple reaction times (SRT) (obtained in a companion experiment performed on the same day) from CRT latencies, accounted for more than 80% of age-related CRT slowing, with most of the remaining increase in latency due to slowed motor responses. Participants were faster and more accurate when the stimulus location was spatially compatible with the mouse button used for responding, and this effect increased slightly with age. Participants took longer to respond to distractors with target color or shape than to distractors with no target features. However, the additional time needed to discriminate the more target-like distractors did not increase with age. In Experiment 2, we replicated the findings of Experiment 1 in a second population of 178 participants (ages 18–82 years). CRT latencies did not differ significantly in the two experiments, and similar effects of age, distractor similarity, and stimulus-response spatial compatibility were found. The results suggest that the age-related slowing in visual CRT latencies is largely due to delays in response selection and production.
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