Selective bird predation on the peppered moth: the last experiment of Michael Majerus.
Selective bird predation on the peppered moth: the last experiment of Michael Majerus.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2011.1136
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发表时间：
2012-08-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Mallet J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cook LM;Grant BS;Saccheri IJ;Mallet J
胡椒蛾的颜色变化长期以来被认为是在强烈的自然选择下。黑猩猩被认为比浅色变种更适合，因为在白天栖息在黑暗的树皮上的捕食量较低。黑色素在工业革命期间变得很常见，但自1970年以来，情况迅速逆转，据推测是由于捕食者选择了今天不那么坚硬的树皮上的黑色素。最近，这些对黑化的经典解释受到了攻击，人们普遍怀疑鸟类是选择性的媒介。因此，迈克尔·马杰鲁斯（Michael Majerus）进行了实验和观察，以解决早期工作的弱点。不幸的是，他没有活着发表的结果，这是分析和提交的作者在这里。在他六年的实验中，Majerus释放了4864只飞蛾，这是有史以来任何类似研究中最大的尝试。鸟类对黑胡椒蛾有较强的捕食作用。每日对黑色素的选择（s = 0.1）在数量和方向上足以解释后工业化英国最近的黑色素快速下降。这些数据提供了最直接的证据，还牵连伪装和鸟类捕食作为最重要的解释，黑变的上升和下降的蛾。
Colour variation in the peppered moth Biston betularia was long accepted to be under strong natural selection. Melanics were believed to be fitter than pale morphs because of lower predation at daytime resting sites on dark, sooty bark. Melanics became common during the industrial revolution, but since 1970 there has been a rapid reversal, assumed to have been caused by predators selecting against melanics resting on today's less sooty bark. Recently, these classical explanations of melanism were attacked, and there has been general scepticism about birds as selective agents. Experiments and observations were accordingly carried out by Michael Majerus to address perceived weaknesses of earlier work. Unfortunately, he did not live to publish the results, which are analysed and presented here by the authors. Majerus released 4864 moths in his six-year experiment, the largest ever attempted for any similar study. There was strong differential bird predation against melanic peppered moths. Daily selection against melanics (s ≃ 0.1) was sufficient in magnitude and direction to explain the recent rapid decline of melanism in post-industrial Britain. These data provide the most direct evidence yet to implicate camouflage and bird predation as the overriding explanation for the rise and fall of melanism in moths.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
KETTLEWELL, H. B. D.
通讯作者：
KETTLEWELL, H. B. D.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
van't Hof, Arjen E.;Edmonds, Nicola;Saccheri, Ilik J.
通讯作者：
Saccheri, Ilik J.
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Grant, BS;Wiseman, LL
通讯作者：
Wiseman, LL
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Majerus, Michael E. N.
通讯作者：
Majerus, Michael E. N.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb01985.x
发表时间：
1987-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
LIEBERT, TG;BRAKEFIELD, PM
通讯作者：
BRAKEFIELD, PM