The Spatial Distribution of Water Components with Similar T(2) May Provide Insight into Pathways for Large Molecule Transportation in the Brain.
The Spatial Distribution of Water Components with Similar T(2) May Provide Insight into Pathways for Large Molecule Transportation in the Brain.
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具有相似T（2）的水组分的空间分布可能为大脑中大分子运输的途径提供见解。
DOI：
10.2463/mrms.mp.2019-0138
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发表时间：
2021-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yamada S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oshio K;Yui M;Shimizu S;Yamada S
虽然中枢神经系统（CNS）中没有淋巴系统，但似乎有一种从大脑中清除大分子的机制。脑脊液（CSF）和间质液（ISF）被认为是这一途径的一部分，但细节尚不清楚。在这项研究中，MR信号的细胞外水分解成具有不同的T2的成分，以获得一些信息的废物在大脑中的分布。使用Curr、珀塞尔、Meiboom、Gill（CPMG）成像序列采集图像。为了减少T1污染和信号振荡，硬脉冲被用作重聚焦脉冲。然后使用非负最小二乘（NNLS）在逐像素的基础上将信号分解成许多T2分量。最后，通过为每个T2分量分配不同的颜色，然后将它们添加在一起来生成颜色图。根据多回波图像，可以将衰减信号分解为单独的T2分量。通过调整颜色表来创建颜色图，可以可视化细胞外水分布及其T2值。几个观察点包括：（1）脑室内CSF有很长的T2（102 s），似乎是相对均匀的，（2）蛛网膜下腔CSF也有长T2，但在脑表面、硬脑膜表面、蛛网膜下腔血管等处有短T2成分，(3)在脑实质中，短T2成分（比细胞内成分长但比CSF短）存在于沿着白色物质、脉络丛等中。这些可以被认为是大分子（废物）在脑中的分布。从T2组分分析中，可以获得对CNS中大分子转运途径的一些了解，其中不存在淋巴系统。
Although there is no lymphatic system in the central nervous system (CNS), there seems to be a mechanism to remove macro molecules from the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) are thought to be parts of this pathway, but the details are not known. In this study, MR signal of the extracellular water was decomposed into components with distinct T2’s, to obtain some information about distribution of waste material in the brain. Images were acquired using a Curr, Purcell, Meiboom, Gill (CPMG) imaging sequence. In order to reduce T1 contamination and the signal oscillation, hard pulses were used as refocusing pulses. The signal was then decomposed into many T2 components using non-negative least squares (NNLS) in pixel-by-pixel basis. Finally, a color map was generated by assigning different color for each T2 component, then adding them together. From the multi-echo images, it was possible to decompose the decaying signal into separate T2 components. By adjusting the color table to create the color map, it is possible to visualize the extracellular water distribution, as well as their T2 values. Several observation points include: (1) CSF inside ventricles has very long T2 (∼2 s), and seems to be relatively homogeneous, (2) subarachnoid CSF also have long T2, but there are short T2 component at the brain surface, at the surface of dura, at the blood vessels in the subarachnoid space, etc., (3) in the brain parenchyma, short T2 components (longer than intracellular component but shorter than CSF) exists along the white matter, in the choroid plexus, etc. These can be considered as distribution of macromolecules (waste materials) in the brain. From T2 component analysis it is possible to obtain some insight into pathways for the transport of large molecules in the CNS, where no lymphatic system is present.
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影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Absinta M;Ha SK;Nair G;Sati P;Luciano NJ;Palisoc M;Louveau A;Zaghloul KA;Pittaluga S;Kipnis J;Reich DS
通讯作者：
Reich DS
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
MacKay, A;Laule, C;M채dler, B
通讯作者：
M채dler, B
DOI：
10.2463/mrms.mp.2017-0094
发表时间：
2018-07-10
期刊：
Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kudo K;Harada T;Kameda H;Uwano I;Yamashita F;Higuchi S;Yoshioka K;Sasaki M
通讯作者：
Sasaki M
DOI：
10.2463/mrms.mp.2018-0053
发表时间：
2019-04-10
期刊：
Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Naganawa S;Nakane T;Kawai H;Taoka T
通讯作者：
Taoka T
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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