Eyespot variation and field temperature in the Meadow Brown butterfly.
Eyespot variation and field temperature in the Meadow Brown butterfly.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.10842
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发表时间：
2024-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
ffrench-Constant, Richard H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mowbray, Sophie;Bennie, Jonathan;Rhodes, Marcus W.;Smith, David A. S.;ffrench-Constant, Richard H.
自从E.B.福特的经典工作以来，对草甸褐蝶眼斑变异的解释一直集中在基因多态的作用上。因此，在这个自然选择的经典例子中，热塑性的潜在作用被忽视了。在这里，我们使用了三个地点多年来每天收集的大量蝴蝶样本，使用与福特相同的在场/缺席评分来检验田间温度是否与眼斑变化相关。我们发现，较高的田间发育温度导致蝴蝶休息时可见斑点的消失，解释了历史上观察到的滞后斑点在整个季节都在下降的现象。引人注目的是，在11摄氏度发育的雌性有六个斑点，而在15摄氏度发育的雌性只有三个斑点。相反，大的前翼眼点总是存在的，并且随着前翼的长度而扩大。此外，与较小的斑点相反，大前翼斑点的大小最好用日历日期(自3月1日以来的天数)来解释，而不是化蛹时的温度。由于这个大的前翼斑点参与了令人震惊的捕食者和/或性选择，因此它的持续存在很可能是防御所必需的，而随着季节的推移，较小的斑点的消失可能有助于雌性的隐秘。我们用英国的物候数据对斑点的年度总变化进行建模，并得出斑点模式将如何继续变化的预测，预测随着我们的气候变暖，雌性斑点将逐年减少。草甸褐蝶的眼斑变异被认为是遗传多态的经典例子。在这里，我们展示了英国斑点病的变化与幼虫/蛹发育期间的田间温度相关，并预测温暖的夏季将导致斑点病的减少。这表明热塑性在该体系中起着很大的作用。
Since the classic work of E.B. Ford, explanations for eyespot variation in the Meadow Brown butterfly have focused on the role of genetic polymorphism. The potential role of thermal plasticity in this classic example of natural selection has therefore been overlooked. Here, we use large daily field collections of butterflies from three sites, over multiple years, to examine whether field temperature is correlated with eyespot variation, using the same presence/absence scoring as Ford. We show that higher developmental temperature in the field leads to the disappearance of the spots visible while the butterfly is at rest, explaining the historical observation that hindwing spotting declines across the season. Strikingly, females developing at 11°C have a median of six spots and those developing at 15°C only have three. In contrast, the large forewing eyespot is always present and scales with forewing length. Furthermore, in contrast to the smaller spots, the size of the large forewing spot is best explained by calendar date (days since 1st March) rather than the temperature at pupation. As this large forewing spot is involved in startling predators and/or sexual selection, its constant presence is therefore likely required for defence, whereas the disappearance of the smaller spots over the season may help with female crypsis. We model annual total spot variation with phenological data from the UK and derive predictions as to how spot patterns will continue to change, predicting that female spotting will decrease year on year as our climate warms. Eyespot variation in the Meadow Brown butterfly has been held up as a classic example of a genetic polymorphism. Here we show that eyespot variation in the United Kingdom is correlated with field temperatures during larval/pupal development and predict that warmer summers will lead to less spotting. This suggests that thermal plasticity plays a strong role in this system.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Beldade, P;Brakefield, PM;Long, AD
通讯作者：
Long, AD
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Brakefield, PM;Gates, J;Carroll, SB
通讯作者：
Carroll, SB
捕食有利于骑自行车的人，较少的眼睛斑点。
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.2840
发表时间：
2021-05-26
期刊：
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chan IZW;Ngan ZC;Naing L;Lee Y;Gowri V;Monteiro A
通讯作者：
Monteiro A
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Baxter SW;Hoffman JI;Tregenza T;Wedell N;Hosken DJ
通讯作者：
Hosken DJ
DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1989.tb01581.x
发表时间：
1989-12-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
DENNIS, RLH;SHREEVE, TG
通讯作者：
SHREEVE, TG