Systems-thinking approach to identify and assess feasibility of potential interventions to reduce antibiotic use in tilapia farming in Egypt.
Systems-thinking approach to identify and assess feasibility of potential interventions to reduce antibiotic use in tilapia farming in Egypt.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736735
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发表时间：
2021-07-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brunton LA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Desbois AP;Garza M;Eltholth M;Hegazy YM;Mateus A;Adams A;Little DC;Høg E;Mohan CV;Ali SE;Brunton LA
在水产养殖中使用抗生素是为了维持种群的健康和福利；然而，细菌中抗生素耐药性的出现和选择对人类、动物和环境构成了威胁。减轻抗生素耐药性取决于了解抗生素、残留物、抗药性细菌和耐药性基因通过相互连接的系统的流动，以便能够确定潜在的解决方案并评估围绕其实施的问题。参与式系统--思考可以捕捉到系统的深层复杂性，同时整合利益相关者的观点。在这项研究中，这种方法被应用于埃及尼罗河三角洲的尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis Niloticus)生产，那里已经报告了由抗药性病原体引起的疾病事件。在2018年5月的一次研讨会上与水产养殖利益攸关方共同编制了一份系统图，用来确定抗生素使用、暴露和命运的热点，并描述将促进鱼类健康从而减少抗生素使用的方法。抗生素通过直接应用进入水产养殖系统，例如在含药饲料中，但残留物也可以通过农业排水引入系统，这是埃及大多数养鱼场的主要水源。对利益攸关方的后续调查评估了潜在干预措施的可行性、优势和劣势。受访者认为可以在短期内采取的有效减少抗生素使用的干预措施包括：更频繁地交换水、定期监测养殖水质参数、改善饲料储存条件、使用益生菌以及更多地获得农民和服务提供者的培训方案。其他可能的干预措施包括更多地获得适当和快速的诊断、高质量饲料、改进生物安全措施和转基因鱼类，但这些解决方案预计将作为长期目标实现，成本是所指出的实施障碍之一。确定可采取的可行和可持续的干预措施以减少抗生素的使用，并了解实施障碍，对于解决抗生素耐药性和确保抗生素的持续疗效非常重要。这对于确保埃及罗非鱼产业的生产力至关重要。本研究中采用的方法提供了一种手段，以确定系统中可评估干预措施有效性的点，从而可将其应用于其他粮食生产系统，以解决抗生素耐药性问题。在一次讲习班上与利益攸关方共同绘制了埃及罗非鱼部门地图。确定了抗生素的误用、暴露和命运等可能的热点。提出了减少抗生素使用的可能干预措施。通过研讨会后调查评估了干预措施的可行性和可接受性。系统思维方法可以确定有针对性的干预措施，以解决抗生素滥用和抗生素耐药性问题。
Antibiotics are used in aquaculture to maintain the health and welfare of stocks; however, the emergence and selection of antibiotic resistance in bacteria poses threats to humans, animals and the environment. Mitigation of antibiotic resistance relies on understanding the flow of antibiotics, residues, resistant bacteria and resistance genes through interconnecting systems, so that potential solutions can be identified and issues around their implementation evaluated. Participatory systems-thinking can capture the deep complexity of a system while integrating stakeholder perspectives. In this present study, such an approach was applied to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production in the Nile Delta of Egypt, where disease events caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens have been reported. A system map was co-produced with aquaculture stakeholders at a workshop in May 2018 and used to identify hotspots of antibiotic use, exposure and fate and to describe approaches that would promote fish health and thus reduce antibiotic use. Antibiotics are introduced into the aquaculture system via direct application for example in medicated feed, but residues may also be introduced into the system through agricultural drainage water, which is the primary source of water for most fish farms in Egypt. A follow-up survey of stakeholders assessed the perceived feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of potential interventions. Interventions that respondents felt could be implemented in the short-term to reduce antibiotic usage effectively included: more frequent water exchanges, regular monitoring of culture water quality parameters, improved storage conditions for feed, use of probiotics and greater access to farmer and service providers training programmes. Other potential interventions included greater access to suitable and rapid diagnostics, high quality feeds, improved biosecurity measures and genetically-improved fish, but these solutions were expected to be achieved as long-term goals, with cost being of one of the noted barriers to implementation. Identifying feasible and sustainable interventions that can be taken to reduce antibiotic use, and understanding implementation barriers, are important for addressing antibiotic resistance and ensuring the continued efficacy of antibiotics. This is vital to ensuring the productivity of the tilapia sector in Egypt. The approach taken in the present study provides a means to identify points in the system where the effectiveness of interventions can be evaluated and thus it may be applied to other food production systems to combat the problem of antibiotic resistance. A map of the tilapia sector in Egypt was co-produced with stakeholders at a workshop. The possible hotspots of antibiotic (mis)use, exposure and fate were identified. Possible interventions to reduce antibiotic use were proposed. Feasibility and acceptability of interventions were assessed by a post-workshop survey. A systems-thinking approach can identify targeted interventions to address antibiotic misuse and antibiotic resistance.
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