ITS1 copy number varies among Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strains: implications for qPCR estimates of infection intensity from field-collected amphibian skin swabs.

ITS1 copy number varies among Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strains: implications for qPCR estimates of infection intensity from field-collected amphibian skin swabs.
复制标题

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0059499
复制
发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Zamudio KR
Zamudio KR
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Longo AV;Rodriguez D;da Silva Leite D;Toledo LF;Mendoza Almeralla C;Burrowes PA;Zamudio KR

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

对杀死两栖动物的真菌(Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis,[Bd])的基因组研究确定了三个高度分化的遗传谱系,其中只有一个具有全球分布。由于杂合性和重组的差异丢失,这些谱系中的 Bd 菌株表现出可变的基因组内容。目前用于检测两栖动物皮肤拭子中真菌的定量聚合酶链反应 (qPCR) 方案使用 Bd 特异性的 TaqMan 荧光探针,以基因间转录间隔区 1 (ITS1) 区域为目标。我们研究了八种不同 Bd 菌株(包括来自北美、南美洲、加勒比地区和澳大利亚的代表)的 ITS1 定量基因组差异的影响。为了测试扩增的潜在差异,我们比较了由每种菌株的 Bd 游动孢子计数制成的 qPCR 标准品,结果表明它们的扩增率存在显着差异。为了测试导致 qPCR 反应参数(斜率和 y 轴截距)菌株差异的潜在机制,我们:a) 比较了等摩尔溶液中提取的 Bd 基因组 DNA 制成的相同菌株的标准曲线,b) 使用 ITS1 区域 PCR 扩增子制成的标准曲线量化每个游动孢子的 ITS1 拷贝数,以及 c) 对这些相同菌株的 PCR 扩增的 ITS1 区域进行克隆和测序,以验证探针位点在所有菌株中的存在。单倍型。我们发现 ITS1 拷贝数存在很高的菌株变异性,每个游动孢子有 10 到 144 个拷贝。我们的结果表明,基因组大小可以解释 ITS1 拷贝数的菌株差异,但不能解释 ITS1 序列变异,因为探针结合位点和引物在所有单倍型中都是保守的。对于由未表征的 Bd 菌株构建的标准品,我们建议使用单个 ITS1 PCR 扩增子作为绝对标准品,并结合当前的定量测定,以了解拷贝数变异并提供来自野外捕获的两栖动物的病原体游动孢子负载的通用估计。
Genomic studies of the amphibian-killing fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, [Bd]) identified three highly divergent genetic lineages, only one of which has a global distribution. Bd strains within these linages show variable genomic content due to differential loss of heterozygosity and recombination. The current quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) protocol to detect the fungus from amphibian skin swabs targets the intergenic transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region using a TaqMan fluorescent probe specific to Bd. We investigated the consequences of genomic differences in the quantification of ITS1 from eight distinct Bd strains, including representatives from North America, South America, the Caribbean, and Australia. To test for potential differences in amplification, we compared qPCR standards made from Bd zoospore counts for each strain, and showed that they differ significantly in amplification rates. To test potential mechanisms leading to strain differences in qPCR reaction parameters (slope and y-intercept), we: a) compared standard curves from the same strains made from extracted Bd genomic DNA in equimolar solutions, b) quantified the number of ITS1 copies per zoospore using a standard curve made from PCR-amplicons of the ITS1 region, and c) cloned and sequenced PCR-amplified ITS1 regions from these same strains to verify the presence of the probe site in all haplotypes. We found high strain variability in ITS1 copy number, ranging from 10 to 144 copies per single zoospore. Our results indicate that genome size might explain strain differences in ITS1 copy number, but not ITS1 sequence variation because the probe-binding site and primers were conserved across all haplotypes. For standards constructed from uncharacterized Bd strains, we recommend the use of single ITS1 PCR-amplicons as the absolute standard in conjunction with current quantitative assays to inform on copy number variation and provide universal estimates of pathogen zoospore loads from field-caught amphibians.
DOI: 10.2307/3761366
发表时间: 1999-03-01
期刊: MYCOLOGIA
影响因子: 2.8
作者:
Longcore, JE;Pessier, AP;Nichols, DK
通讯作者: Nichols, DK
DOI: 10.3354/dao02053
发表时间: 2010-11-25
影响因子: 1.4
作者:
Garland, Stephen;Baker, Anthony;Skerratt, Lee F.
通讯作者: Skerratt, Lee F.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x
发表时间: 2010-05-01
影响因子: 7.7
作者:
Excoffier, Laurent;Lischer, Heidi E. L.
通讯作者: Lischer, Heidi E. L.
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.03.018
发表时间: 2011-06-01
影响因子: 5.9
作者:
Savage, Anna E.;Sredl, Michael J.;Zamudio, Kelly R.
通讯作者: Zamudio, Kelly R.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009545
发表时间: 2010-03-05
期刊: PloS one
影响因子: 3.7
作者:
Hou Y;Zhang H;Miranda L;Lin S
通讯作者: Lin S