Interplay Between the Gut-Brain Axis, Obesity and Cognitive Function.
Interplay Between the Gut-Brain Axis, Obesity and Cognitive Function.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2018.00155
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Sanz Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agustí A;García-Pardo MP;López-Almela I;Campillo I;Maes M;Romaní-Pérez M;Sanz Y
肥胖症由于其高患病率和共病率而继续成为主要的公共卫生问题之一。常见的合并症不仅包括心脏代谢障碍，还包括情绪和认知障碍。与正常体重的受试者相比，肥胖受试者通常表现出记忆、学习和执行功能的缺陷。流行病学研究还表明，肥胖与患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险较高有关，反之亦然。推测具有不同病因的病理之间的这些关联表明共有的病理机制。肠道微生物群是环境压力（例如，饮食，生活方式）和宿主生理学，以及它的改变可以部分解释这些病理之间的交叉联系。西方化的饮食模式被认为是肥胖流行的主要原因，这也促进了肠道微生物群的生态失调漂移;这反过来似乎有助于肥胖相关的并发症。在动物模型中以及在较小程度上在人类中的实验研究表明，肥胖相关的微生物群可能有助于肥胖及其合并症的内分泌，神经化学和炎症改变。这些包括HPA轴的失调与糖皮质激素的过度产生，神经活性代谢物水平的改变（例如，神经递质、短链脂肪酸）和可引起神经炎症的促炎环境的激活。这篇综述更新了目前关于肠道微生物群在能量代谢，情绪和认知功能之间的交叉联系中的作用和作用方式的知识。
Obesity continues to be one of the major public health problems due to its high prevalence and co-morbidities. Common co-morbidities not only include cardiometabolic disorders but also mood and cognitive disorders. Obese subjects often show deficits in memory, learning and executive functions compared to normal weight subjects. Epidemiological studies also indicate that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing depression and anxiety, and vice versa. These associations between pathologies that presumably have different etiologies suggest shared pathological mechanisms. Gut microbiota is a mediating factor between the environmental pressures (e.g., diet, lifestyle) and host physiology, and its alteration could partly explain the cross-link between those pathologies. Westernized dietary patterns are known to be a major cause of the obesity epidemic, which also promotes a dysbiotic drift in the gut microbiota; this, in turn, seems to contribute to obesity-related complications. Experimental studies in animal models and, to a lesser extent, in humans suggest that the obesity-associated microbiota may contribute to the endocrine, neurochemical and inflammatory alterations underlying obesity and its comorbidities. These include dysregulation of the HPA-axis with overproduction of glucocorticoids, alterations in levels of neuroactive metabolites (e.g., neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids) and activation of a pro-inflammatory milieu that can cause neuro-inflammation. This review updates current knowledge about the role and mode of action of the gut microbiota in the cross-link between energy metabolism, mood and cognitive function.
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