How sex and age affect immune responses, susceptibility to infections, and response to vaccination.
How sex and age affect immune responses, susceptibility to infections, and response to vaccination.
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DOI：
10.1111/acel.12326
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发表时间：
2015-06
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Grubeck-Loebenstein B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giefing-Kröll C;Berger P;Lepperdinger G;Grubeck-Loebenstein B
是男人英年早逝，还是女人健康长寿？通过试图解释预期寿命中的两性异形，目前正在解决生物和环境方面的问题。除了与年龄有关的变化，免疫和内分泌系统都表现出显着的性别特异性差异。这篇评论涉及衰老的免疫系统及其与性类固醇激素的相互作用。它们共同影响许多传染病的发病机理，而这些传染病仍然是老年人发病和死亡的主要原因。在男子中，对许多传染病的易感性和相应的死亡率较高。妇女对各种疫苗接种的反应往往更高，因此体液反应也更强。女性似乎享有免疫特权。主要的性类固醇激素对适应性免疫系统和先天免疫系统的细胞表现出相反的作用：雌二醇主要是增强，睾酮基本上是抑制。然而，性激素的水平随着年龄的变化而变化。在绝经过渡期，降低雌二醇可能会增强免疫衰老效应，使绝经后妇女面临额外但特定的风险。总之，在衰老过程中，干预措施，特别是考虑个别激素水平的变化，应提供有效的选择，以保持最佳的免疫功能。
Do men die young and sick, or do women live long and healthy? By trying to explain the sexual dimorphism in life expectancy, both biological and environmental aspects are presently being addressed. Besides age-related changes, both the immune and the endocrine system exhibit significant sex-specific differences. This review deals with the aging immune system and its interplay with sex steroid hormones. Together, they impact on the etiopathology of many infectious diseases, which are still the major causes of morbidity and mortality in people at old age. Among men, susceptibilities toward many infectious diseases and the corresponding mortality rates are higher. Responses to various types of vaccination are often higher among women thereby also mounting stronger humoral responses. Women appear immune-privileged. The major sex steroid hormones exhibit opposing effects on cells of both the adaptive and the innate immune system: estradiol being mainly enhancing, testosterone by and large suppressive. However, levels of sex hormones change with age. At menopause transition, dropping estradiol potentially enhances immunosenescence effects posing postmenopausal women at additional, yet specific risks. Conclusively during aging, interventions, which distinctively consider the changing level of individual hormones, shall provide potent options in maintaining optimal immune functions.
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影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Alter, MJ;Kruszon-Moran, D;Margolis, HS
通讯作者：
Margolis, HS
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Al-Azzawi, Farook;Palacios, Santiago
通讯作者：
Palacios, Santiago
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Bernin, Hannah;Lotter, Hanna
通讯作者：
Lotter, Hanna
DOI：
10.1016/0002-9378(95)90433-6
发表时间：
1995-12-01
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Aune, B;Oian, P;Osterud, B
通讯作者：
Osterud, B
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Bhasin, Shalender;Pencina, Michael;Vasan, Ramachandran S.
通讯作者：
Vasan, Ramachandran S.