Environment-based object values learned by local network in the striatum tail.
Environment-based object values learned by local network in the striatum tail.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2013623118
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发表时间：
2021-01-26
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Hikosaka O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kunimatsu J;Yamamoto S;Maeda K;Hikosaka O
选择良好的对象是所有动物的一种基本行为，基底神经节（BG）对此有广泛贡献。然而，在不同环境中需要改变对象选择。对象选择的机制基于源自纹状体输出神经元（MSNs）的神经回路。我们发现环境信息由连接到MSN回路的快放电中间神经元（FSIs）提供。更关键的是，实验性减少FSI对MSNs的输入会使猴子无法学习基于环境的对象选择。这证明由下游BG回路控制的对象选择受到由BG回路顶部内部回路控制的环境背景的调节。这对我们灵活决策很重要。
基底神经节有助于对象价值学习，这对生存至关重要。潜在的神经机制是每个对象与其奖励结果的关联。然而，对象价值可能在不同环境中发生变化，因此我们需要相应地选择不同对象。这种基于环境的价值学习机制尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们创建了一个基于环境的价值任务，其中每个对象的价值根据两个场景环境（X和Y）而反转。在反复经历这个任务后，当场景环境意外改变时，猴子能够切换对象选择。当我们通过局部注射IEM - 1460阻断纹状体尾部快放电中间神经元（FSIs）对中等多棘投射神经元（MSNs）的抑制性输入时，猴子无法学习场景选择性对象价值。然后我们研究了FSI - MSN连接的机制。在学习之前和学习过程中，FSIs对场景有选择性反应，但对对象价值不敏感。相比之下，MSNs能够区分对象（即对良好对象反应更强），但这在两个场景（X或Y）中的一个场景中明显发生。这是由FSI的场景选择性抑制引起的。总体而言，MSNs被分为两组，分别对场景X或场景Y中的对象价值敏感。这些数据表明纹状体尾部的局部网络控制对场景环境有选择性的对象价值学习。这种机制可能支持我们在各种环境中的灵活切换行为。
Choosing good objects is a fundamental behavior for all animals, to which the basal ganglia (BG) contribute extensively. However, the object choice needs to be changed in different environments. The mechanism of object choice is based on the neuronal circuits originating from output neurons (MSNs) in the striatum. We found that the environment information is provided by fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) connecting to the MSN circuit. More critically, the experimental reduction of the FSI-input to MSNs disabled the monkey to learn the environment-based object choice. This proved that the object choice controlled by the downstream BG circuit is modulated by the environmental context controlled by the internal circuits in the top of BG circuit. This is important for our flexible decision. Basal ganglia contribute to object-value learning, which is critical for survival. The underlying neuronal mechanism is the association of each object with its rewarding outcome. However, object values may change in different environments and we then need to choose different objects accordingly. The mechanism of this environment-based value learning is unknown. To address this question, we created an environment-based value task in which the value of each object was reversed depending on the two scene-environments (X and Y). After experiencing this task repeatedly, the monkeys became able to switch the choice of object when the scene-environment changed unexpectedly. When we blocked the inhibitory input from fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) to medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) in the striatum tail by locally injecting IEM-1460, the monkeys became unable to learn scene-selective object values. We then studied the mechanism of the FSI-MSN connection. Before and during this learning, FSIs responded to the scenes selectively, but were insensitive to object values. In contrast, MSNs became able to discriminate the objects (i.e., stronger response to good objects), but this occurred clearly in one of the two scenes (X or Y). This was caused by the scene-selective inhibition by FSI. As a whole, MSNs were divided into two groups that were sensitive to object values in scene X or in scene Y. These data indicate that the local network of striatum tail controls the learning of object values that are selective to the scene-environment. This mechanism may support our flexible switching behavior in various environments.
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作者：
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