Radical Response: Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on Lipid Metabolism in the Avian Liver.
Radical Response: Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on Lipid Metabolism in the Avian Liver.
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DOI：
10.3390/antiox10010035
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发表时间：
2020-12-30
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dridi S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emami NK;Jung U;Voy B;Dridi S
与大多数哺乳动物相比，鸟类的脂质代谢对肝脏有独特的要求。鸟类肝脏合成绝大多数脂肪酸，为整个鸟类提供能量和支持细胞膜的合成。产蛋增加了对肝脏的需求，因为需要肝脂来产生蛋黄。作为新生脂肪生成基础的酶促反应需要能量，需要维生素和辅助因子的精确平衡才能有效地进行。营养过剩或营养缺乏等外部压力会破坏这种平衡，损害肝脏支持代谢需求的能力。热应激是一个日益普遍的环境因素，损害脂质代谢在禽类肝脏。由于对全球家禽生产的威胁，热应激诱导的氧化应激对现代商品鸡肝脏脂质代谢的影响受到特别关注。鸡的散热能力有限，代谢活性高，体内温度高，热耐受区窄，因此极易受到热应激的影响。现代肉鸡（肉鸡型）和蛋鸡（蛋鸡型）对热应激特别敏感，因为线粒体代谢率很高。虽然这种氧化代谢有助于生长和产蛋，但它也会产生氧化应激，损害线粒体、细胞膜和蛋白质，使鸟类更容易受到环境中其他压力因素的影响。迄今为止的研究表明，氧化应激和热应激相互作用会破坏肝脏脂质代谢，损害肉鸡和蛋鸡的生产性能和健康。本文就热应激诱导的氧化应激对禽类肝脏脂质代谢的影响进行综述。最近的进展，阐明了分子机制和潜在的营养/管理策略，以抵消热应激诱导的氧化应激对鸟类肝脏的负面影响。
Lipid metabolism in avian species places unique demands on the liver in comparison to most mammals. The avian liver synthesizes the vast majority of fatty acids that provide energy and support cell membrane synthesis throughout the bird. Egg production intensifies demands to the liver as hepatic lipids are needed to create the yolk. The enzymatic reactions that underlie de novo lipogenesis are energetically demanding and require a precise balance of vitamins and cofactors to proceed efficiently. External stressors such as overnutrition or nutrient deficiency can disrupt this balance and compromise the liver’s ability to support metabolic needs. Heat stress is an increasingly prevalent environmental factor that impairs lipid metabolism in the avian liver. The effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on hepatic lipid metabolism are of particular concern in modern commercial chickens due to the threat to global poultry production. Chickens are highly vulnerable to heat stress because of their limited capacity to dissipate heat, high metabolic activity, high internal body temperature, and narrow zone of thermal tolerance. Modern lines of both broiler (meat-type) and layer (egg-type) chickens are especially sensitive to heat stress because of the high rates of mitochondrial metabolism. While this oxidative metabolism supports growth and egg production, it also yields oxidative stress that can damage mitochondria, cellular membranes and proteins, making the birds more vulnerable to other stressors in the environment. Studies to date indicate that oxidative and heat stress interact to disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism and compromise performance and well-being in both broilers and layers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on lipid metabolism in the avian liver. Recent advances that shed light on molecular mechanisms and potential nutritional/managerial strategies to counteract the negative effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress to the avian liver are also integrated.
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