Letter processing in upright bigrams predicts reading fluency variations in children.
Letter processing in upright bigrams predicts reading fluency variations in children.
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0001175
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发表时间：
2022-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Arun SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agrawal A;Nag S;Hari KVS;Arun SP
流利的阅读是教育的一个重要里程碑，但我们对为什么孩子们在实现这一里程碑方面差异如此之大还缺乏清晰的理解。快速自动命名（RAN）和语音意识等与语言相关的因素已被认为是解释阅读流畅性的重要因素。然而，视觉拼写处理的任何方面是否也能解释音系学之外的阅读流畅性尚不清楚。为了调查这些问题，我们测试了小学生 (n = 68) 的四项任务：两项阅读流畅性任务（单词阅读和段落阅读）、一项测量命名速度的 RAN 任务以及一项使用字母和双字母组的视觉搜索任务。视觉搜索中的二元组处理本身可以通过单字母辨别来准确解释，并且错误模式与流畅度或二元组频率无关，从而否定了专门的二元组检测器的可能性。正如预期的那样，RAN 分数与阅读流畅度密切相关。重要的是，阅读流畅性和视觉搜索中的直立二元组处理之间存在高度特定的关联。这种关联特定于直立但不倒置的二元组，以及具有正常但不是大字母间距的二元组。其原因是二元组之间的字母歧视增加以及二元组内字母之间的相互作用减少。因此，流利的阅读伴随着二元组中字母处理的专门变化。
Fluent reading is an important milestone in education, but we lack a clear understanding of why children vary so widely in attaining this milestone. Language-related factors such as rapid automatized naming (RAN) and phonological awareness have been identified as important factors that explain reading fluency. However whether any aspects of visual orthographic processing also explain reading fluency beyond phonology is unclear. To investigate these issues, we tested primary school children (n = 68) on four tasks: two reading fluency tasks (word reading and passage reading), a RAN task to measure naming speed, and a visual search task using letters and bigrams. Bigram processing in visual search itself was accurately explained by single letter discrimination and error patterns were unrelated to fluency or bigram frequency, negating the possibility of specialized bigram detectors. As expected, the RAN score was strongly correlated with reading fluency. Importantly, there was a highly specific association between reading fluency and upright bigram processing in visual search. This association was specific to upright but not inverted bigrams, and to bigrams with normal but not large letter spacing. It was explained by increased letter discrimination across bigrams and reduced interactions between letters within bigrams. Thus, fluent reading is accompanied by specialized changes in letter processing within bigrams.
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