Antagonistic actions of HLH/bHLH proteins are involved in grain length and weight in rice.

Antagonistic actions of HLH/bHLH proteins are involved in grain length and weight in rice.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0031325
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Sassa H
Sassa H
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heang D;Sassa H

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颗粒大小是水稻产量的主要组成部分,部分由外稃和内稃的大小控制。控制这些器官大小的分子机制在很大程度上仍然未知。在这项研究中,我们发现一对拮抗的碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(bHLH)蛋白通过控制外稃/内稃中的细胞长度来参与确定水稻籽粒长度。外稃/内稃中非典型 bHLH(称为粒长正调节因子 1 (PGL1))的过度表达增加了转基因水稻的粒长和重量。 PGL1 是一种非典型的非 DNA 结合 bHLH,并被认为通过异二聚化起到典型 DNA 结合 bHLH 的抑制剂的作用。我们确定了 PGL1 的相互作用伙伴,并将其命名为 PGL1 的拮抗剂 (APG)。 PGL1 和 APG 在体内相互作用并定位于细胞核。正如预期的那样,APG 的沉默产生了与 PGL1 过表达相同的表型,表明这两个基因具有拮抗作用。两个已知的粒长相关基因 GS3 和 SRS3 的转录在 PGL1 过表达和 APG 沉默的植物中基本不受影响。对外稃内表皮细胞的观察表明,这是由细胞长度增加引起的。 PGL1-APG代表了一种新的粒长和重量控制途径,其中APG是一种负调节因子,其功能被PGL1抑制。
Grain size is a major yield component in rice, and partly controlled by the sizes of the lemma and palea. Molecular mechanisms controlling the sizes of these organs largely remain unknown. In this study, we show that an antagonistic pair of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins is involved in determining rice grain length by controlling cell length in the lemma/palea. Overexpression of an atypical bHLH, named POSITIVE REGULATOR OF GRAIN LENGTH 1 (PGL1), in lemma/palea increased grain length and weight in transgenic rice. PGL1 is an atypical non-DNA-binding bHLH and assumed to function as an inhibitor of a typical DNA-binding bHLH through heterodimerization. We identified the interaction partner of PGL1 and named it ANTAGONIST OF PGL1 (APG). PGL1 and APG interacted in vivo and localized in the nucleus. As expected, silencing of APG produced the same phenotype as overexpression of PGL1, suggesting antagonistic roles for the two genes. Transcription of two known grain-length-related genes, GS3 and SRS3, was largely unaffected in the PGL1-overexpressing and APG-silenced plants. Observation of the inner epidermal cells of lemma revealed that are caused by increased cell length. PGL1-APG represents a new grain length and weight-controlling pathway in which APG is a negative regulator whose function is inhibited by PGL1.
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