Evolutionary Analysis of the Zinc Finger and Homeoboxes Family of Proteins Identifies Multiple Conserved Domains and a Common Early Chordate Ancestor
Evolutionary Analysis of the Zinc Finger and Homeoboxes Family of Proteins Identifies Multiple Conserved Domains and a Common Early Chordate Ancestor
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锌指和同源盒蛋白质家族的进化分析鉴定出多个保守结构域和共同的早期脊索动物祖先
DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evaa039
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Das, Sabyasachi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nail, Alexandra N;Smith, Jeramiah J;Peterson, Martha L;Spear, Brett T;Das, Sabyasachi
锌指和同源异型盒(Zhx)蛋白，zhx1，zhx2和zhx3，组成一个小的蛋白质家族，含有两个氨基末端的C2-H锌指和四个或五个羧基末端的同源异源结构域。这些多个同源结构域使ZIX蛋白不同寻常，因为大多数含有同源结构域的蛋白质只包含一个同源结构域。对培养细胞和小鼠的研究表明，zhx蛋白可以作为正向或负向转录调节因子发挥作用。Zhx2调控着众多的肝脏基因，三种zhx蛋白都与不同的癌症有关。由于zhx蛋白包含多个预测的同源结构域，与有趣的生理特征相关，而且似乎只存在于脊椎动物谱系中，我们通过比较来自广泛脊索动物的zhx同源物来研究这个小家族的进化史。这一分析表明，所有ZIX蛋白中的锌指基序和同源结构域高度相似，并且还发现了额外的ZX特异保守区，其中包括一个13个氨基酸的氨基端基序，该基序在所有Gnathostome Zx蛋白中几乎相同。我们在海鳗(Petromyzon Marinus)和非脊椎动物脊索鱼(Ciona Enterinalis)和文昌鱼(Branchiostoma Floridae)中发现了单一的zhx蛋白，这些zhx蛋白与节口鱼zhx3最相似。根据我们的分析，我们认为原始的zhx基因的重复导致了zhx3的产生，以及zhx1和zhx2的前身。随后在颌口动物中发现了该前体的串联复制，产生了zhx1和zhx2。
The Zinc Fingers and Homeoboxes (Zhx) proteins, Zhx1, Zhx2, and Zhx3, comprise a small family of proteins containing two amino-terminal C2–H2zinc fingers and four or five carboxy-terminal homeodomains. These multiple homeodomains make Zhx proteins unusual because the majority of homeodomain-containing proteins contain a single homeodomain. Studies in cultured cells and mice suggest that Zhx proteins can function as positive or negative transcriptional regulators. Zhx2 regulates numerous hepatic genes, and all three Zhx proteins have been implicated in different cancers. Because Zhx proteins contain multiple predicted homeodomains, are associated with interesting physiological traits, and seem to be only present in the vertebrate lineage, we investigated the evolutionary history of this small family by comparing Zhx homologs from a wide range of chordates. This analysis indicates that the zinc finger motifs and homeodomains are highly similar among all Zhx proteins and also identifies additional Zhx-specific conserved regions, including a 13 amino acid amino-terminal motif that is nearly identical among all gnathostome Zhx proteins. We found single Zhx proteins in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and in the nonvertebrate chordates sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis) and lancelet (Branchiostoma floridae); these Zhx proteins are most similar to gnathostome Zhx3. Based on our analyses, we propose that a duplication of the primordialZhxgene gave rise toZhx3and the precursor toZhx1andZhx2. A subsequent tandem duplication of this precursor generatedZhx1andZhx2found in gnathostomes.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.81.17.5523
发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
PACHNIS, V;BELAYEW, A;TILGHMAN, SM
通讯作者：
TILGHMAN, SM
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
K. Yamada;R. Printz;H. Osawa;D. Granner
通讯作者：
K. Yamada;R. Printz;H. Osawa;D. Granner
蛋白质末端。
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Oliviero Carugo
通讯作者：
Oliviero Carugo
影响因子：
6.8
作者：
Laity, JH;Lee, BM;Wright, PE
通讯作者：
Wright, PE
DOI：
10.1007/978-90-481-9069-0_4
发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
HANDBOOK OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Stubbs, Lisa;Sun, Younguk;Caetano-Anolles, Derek
通讯作者：
Caetano-Anolles, Derek