Identification of a complex peptidergic neuroendocrine network in the hard tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.
Identification of a complex peptidergic neuroendocrine network in the hard tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00441-008-0731-4
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发表时间：
2009-03
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Zitnan, Dusan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simo, Ladislav;Slovak, Mirko;Park, Yoonseong;Zitnan, Dusan
关键词：
神经肽是发育和各种生理功能的重要调节因子，但对其在引起严重疾病的病原体载体（如蜱）中的身份、表达和功能知之甚少。因此，我们利用针对多种昆虫和甲壳类神经肽的抗体，揭示了这些生物活性分子在粘头蜱的肽能神经元和细胞中的存在。这些抗体已经检测到15种不同的免疫反应性化合物，这些化合物在与神经节相关的特定中枢和外周神经元中表达。大多数中枢神经元分布在神经堆或联合神经节神经节周围神经血液鞘的不同区域。共同神经节中几个大的已识别的神经元通过周围神经投射多个过程，在唾液腺表面形成复杂的轴突分支或终止于外侧节段器官（LSO）。在LSO的内在分泌细胞中观察到额外的神经肽免疫反应性。我们还发现了两个新的外周神经元簇嵌入在化学和针旁神经。这些神经元将分支轴突投射到联神经节和外周。因此，我们的研究揭示了蜱的中枢和外周多肽能神经元，假设的神经血液和神经调节结构和内分泌细胞的复杂网络，与昆虫和甲壳类动物的神经内分泌系统相似。多种抗体的强特异性染色也表明蜱的神经系统和邻近的分泌器官是多种神经肽的丰富来源，这些神经肽与昆虫、甲壳类动物甚至脊椎动物中发现的神经肽有关。
Neuropeptides are crucial regulators of development and various physiological functions but little is known about their identity, expression and function in vectors of pathogens causing serious diseases, such as ticks. Therefore, we have used antibodies against multiple insect and crustacean neuropeptides to reveal the presence of these bioactive molecules in peptidergic neurons and cells of the ixodid tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. These antibodies have detected 15 different immunoreactive compounds expressed in specific central and peripheral neurons associated with the synganglion. Most central neurons arborize in distinct areas of the neuropile or the putative neurohaemal periganglionic sheath of the synganglion. Several large identified neurons in the synganglion project multiple processes through peripheral nerves to form elaborate axonal arborizations on the surface of salivary glands or to terminate in the lateral segmental organs (LSO). Additional neuropeptide immunoreactivity has been observed in intrinsic secretory cells of the LSO. We have also identified two novel clusters of peripheral neurons embedded in the cheliceral and paraspiracular nerves. These neurons project branching axons into the synganglion and into the periphery. Our study has thus revealed a complex network of central and peripheral peptidergic neurons, putative neurohaemal and neuromodulatory structures and endocrine cells in the tick comparable with those found in insect and crustacean neuroendocrine systems. Strong specific staining with a large variety of antibodies also indicates that the tick nervous system and adjacent secretory organs are rich sources of diverse neuropeptides related to those identified in insects, crustaceans or even vertebrates.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
DAVIS, NT;HOMBERG, U;HILDEBRAND, JG
通讯作者：
HILDEBRAND, JG
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
ANASTASI, A;ERSPAMER, V
通讯作者：
ERSPAMER, V
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
BINNINGTON, K
通讯作者：
BINNINGTON, K
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
COONS, LB;ROSHDY, MA
通讯作者：
ROSHDY, MA
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.91.1.138
发表时间：
1994-01-04
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
CHAMPAGNE, DE;RIBEIRO, JMC
通讯作者：
RIBEIRO, JMC