Competing species leave many potential niches unfilled.
Competing species leave many potential niches unfilled.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-017-0295-3
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Foster KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashby B;Watkins E;Lourenço J;Gupta S;Foster KR
生物学的一个基石是共存的物种进化到占据单独的生态位。经典理论预测，种间竞争应该导致所有潜在的生态位被占用，但观测数据表明，许多生态位是空的。在这里，我们表明，理论可以调和与观测数据，通过重新概念化的竞争在哈钦森生态位空间，以区分可替代和不可替代的资源。当资源是可替代的（例如，不同大小的种子），竞争的成分沿着生态位轴联合收割机倍增结合，导致一个密集的生态位空间。然而，当资源是不可替代的（如种子和巢址），我们表明，竞争的组成部分联合收割机相加。因此，破坏性选择限制了不可替代的生态位轴之间的生态位重叠，使大多数潜在的生态位未被填满。一个关键的推论是，增加生态位轴的数量可能会大大增加潜在的生态位的数量，但不一定会增加多样性。我们讨论了与我们的模型相一致的观测数据，并考虑了入侵物种对系统的影响。我们的工作加强了竞争的力量，以推动主要的生态模式：虽然生态位空间通知可能存在的物种，只有一个小的和潜在的任意子集将共存于同域。
A cornerstone of biology is that coexisting species evolve to occupy separate ecological niches. Classical theory predicts that interspecific competition should lead to all potential niches being occupied, yet observational data suggest that many niches are unfilled. Here we show that theory can be reconciled with observational data by reconceptualising competition in the Hutchinsonian niche space to distinguish between substitutable and non-substitutable resources. When resources are substitutable (e.g. seeds of different size), the components of competition along the niche axes combine multiplicatively, leading to a densely packed niche space. However, when resources are non-substitutable (e.g. seeds and nest sites), we show that the components of competition combine additively. Disruptive selection therefore limits niche overlap between non-substitutable niche axes, leaving most potential niches unfilled. A key corollary is that increasing the number of niche axes may greatly increase the number of potential niches but does not necessarily increase diversity. We discuss observational data that are consistent with our model and consider implications for systems with invasive species. Our work reinforces the power of competition to drive major ecological patterns: while niche space informs on species that might exist, only a small and potentially arbitrary subset will coexist in sympatry.
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影响因子：
1.4
作者：
PACALA, SW;ROUGHGARDEN, J
通讯作者：
ROUGHGARDEN, J
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1304218110
发表时间：
2013-11-26
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Penman, Bridget S.;Ashby, Ben;Gupta, Sunetra
通讯作者：
Gupta, Sunetra
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Rabosky, Daniel L.
通讯作者：
Rabosky, Daniel L.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Ishii, Hiroshi S.
通讯作者：
Ishii, Hiroshi S.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
MACARTHUR R;LEVINS, R
通讯作者：
LEVINS, R