Moderate threat causes longer lasting disruption to processing in anxious individuals.
Moderate threat causes longer lasting disruption to processing in anxious individuals.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2014.00626
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Bishop SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forster S;Nunez-Elizalde AO;Castle E;Bishop SJ
焦虑与威胁引起的注意力捕获增加有关。以前的研究使用同时或短暂分离（<1秒）的威胁干扰和目标刺激的呈现。在这里，我们测试的假设，即高特质焦虑的参与者将显示一个较长的时间窗口内，干扰因素造成中断后续的任务处理，这将特别是观察到的刺激适度或模糊的威胁值。采用一种新颖的时间分离的情绪干扰任务。在一个字母串（包括X或N）之前，以短（1.6秒）或长（1.3秒）的间隔呈现面部或房屋干扰项250 ms。特质焦虑与缓慢识别字母串后，在很长的时间间隔面对干扰与部分惊喜/部分恐惧的表情。换句话说，这些干扰物在抵消后几秒内对高焦虑个体的目标识别速度产生了影响。这与梭状回和杏仁核的活动增加以及背侧前扣带回募集减少有关。这种活动模式可能反映了反应性控制机制的贫乏招募，以抑制皮层下和高级视觉区域的刺激特异性处理。这些发现对于理解焦虑中与威胁相关的注意力偏差如何导致日常环境中的功能障碍具有重要意义，在日常环境中，适度的、潜在的模糊的威胁值刺激（如本文所用的）相当常见，持续几秒钟的注意力中断可能会产生深远的影响。
Anxiety is associated with increased attentional capture by threat. Previous studies have used simultaneous or briefly separated (<1 s) presentation of threat distractors and target stimuli. Here, we tested the hypothesis that high trait anxious participants would show a longer time window within which distractors cause disruption to subsequent task processing, and that this would particularly be observed for stimuli of moderate or ambiguous threat value. A novel temporally separated emotional distractor task was used. Face or house distractors were presented for 250 ms at short (∼1.6 s) or long (∼3 s) intervals prior to a letter string comprising Xs or Ns. Trait anxiety was associated with slowed identification of letter strings presented at long intervals after face distractors with part surprise/part fear expressions. In other words, these distractors had an impact on high anxious individuals’ speed of target identification seconds after their offset. This was associated with increased activity in the fusiform gyrus and amygdala and reduced dorsal anterior cingulate recruitment. This pattern of activity may reflect impoverished recruitment of reactive control mechanisms to damp down stimulus-specific processing in subcortical and higher visual regions. These findings have implications for understanding how threat-related attentional biases in anxiety may lead to dysfunction in everyday settings where stimuli of moderate, potentially ambiguous, threat value such as those used here are fairly common, and where attentional disruption lasting several seconds may have a profound impact.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Breiter, HC;Etcoff, NL;Rosen, BR
通讯作者：
Rosen, BR
在大鼠和人类中持续的恐惧：恐惧与焦虑中的杏仁核的作用。
DOI：
10.1038/npp.2009.109
发表时间：
2010-01
期刊：
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Ansari, Tahereh L.;Derakshan, Nazanin
通讯作者：
Derakshan, Nazanin
影响因子：
25
作者：
Bishop, S;Duncan, J;Lawrence, AD
通讯作者：
Lawrence, AD
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Aron, Adam R.
通讯作者：
Aron, Adam R.