Diet can alter the cost of resistance to a natural parasite in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Diet can alter the cost of resistance to a natural parasite in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.9793
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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对寄生虫的抗性赋予了适合度优势，然而宿主在自然种群中的抗性表现出很大的变化。进化理论表明，如果抗性代价高昂，抗性和易感基因型可以共存，但有混合证据表明，在没有寄生虫的情况下，抗性个体的适应性较低。对这种差异的一种解释是，抵抗的代价因环境而异。我们使用秀丽隐杆线虫及其天然微孢子虫寄生虫铁杀线虫来测试这一假设。我们使用多种指标来比较两种近等基因宿主基因型的适应性，这两种基因型在与对N. ironsii的抗性相关的区域不同。为了量化环境对与这些已知抗性区域相关的成本的影响，我们测量了三种微生物饮食的适应性。我们发现，抵抗力的代价因饮食和健康程度的不同而不同。我们没有发现成本的阻力，无论饮食，当健身作为繁殖力。然而，当以人口增长来衡量健康时，我们发现了一种成本，这种成本的大小因饮食而异。这些结果提供了一个概念的证明，通过介导的阻力成本，环境背景下可能会管理的速率和性质的电阻在异质环境中的演变。进化理论认为，寄生虫抗性的代价促进了抗性个体和易感个体的共存。然而，实证检验并没有一致地发现抵抗的成本。使用线虫微孢子虫系统，我们发现支持的假设，即成本的电阻随环境的背景下，他们被测量。
Resistance to parasites confers a fitness advantage, yet hosts show substantial variation in resistance in natural populations. Evolutionary theory indicates that resistant and susceptible genotypes can coexist if resistance is costly, but there is mixed evidence that resistant individuals have lower fitness in the absence of parasites. One explanation for this discrepancy is that the cost of resistance varies with environmental context. We tested this hypothesis using Caenorhabditis elegans and its natural microsporidian parasite, Nematocida ironsii. We used multiple metrics to compare the fitness of two near‐isogenic host genotypes differing at regions associated with resistance to N. ironsii. To quantify the effect of the environment on the cost associated with these known resistance regions, we measured fitness on three microbial diets. We found that the cost of resistance varied with both diet and the measure of fitness. We detected no cost to resistance, irrespective of diet, when fitness was measured as fecundity. However, we detected a cost when fitness was measured in terms of population growth, and the magnitude of this cost varied with diet. These results provide a proof of concept that, by mediating the cost of resistance, environmental context may govern the rate and nature of resistance evolution in heterogeneous environments. Evolutionary theory suggests that the cost of parasite resistance promotes the coexistence of resistant and susceptible individuals. However, empirical tests do not consistently find a cost of resistance. Using a nematode–microsporidian sytem, we found support for the hypothesis that costs of resistance vary with the environmental context in which they are measured.
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