Regulation of gene expression via the core promoter and the basal transcriptional machinery.
Regulation of gene expression via the core promoter and the basal transcriptional machinery.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.08.009
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发表时间：
2010-03-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kadonaga, James T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Juven-Gershon, Tamar;Kadonaga, James T.
RNA聚合酶II核心启动子是结构和功能多样的转录调控元件。转录起始有两种主要的策略-集中起始和分散起始。在集中起始中，转录从单个核苷酸或在几个核苷酸的簇内开始，而在分散起始中，在约50至100个核苷酸的宽区域上存在几个弱转录起始位点。集中启动是简单生物体中转录的主要方式，而分散启动在大约三分之二的脊椎动物基因中观察到。受调控的基因往往具有集中的启动子，而组成型基因通常具有分散的启动子。因此，在脊椎动物中，集中启动子用于基因的一小部分，但在生物学上很重要。聚焦核心启动子的性质取决于序列基序如TATA盒和DPE的存在或不存在。例如，Caudal，同源异型基因网络的关键调节子，优先激活DPE依赖性启动子与TATA依赖性启动子的转录。与核心启动子共同作用的基础转录因子是基因表达调控的另一个重要组成部分。例如，在成肌细胞分化为肌管时，细胞经历从基于TFIID的转录系统到基于TRF 3-TAF 3的系统的转换。这些发现表明，核心启动子和基础转录因子是重要的，但大多数未开发的组件在基因表达的调控。
The RNA polymerase II core promoter is a structurally and functionally diverse transcriptional regulatory element. There are two main strategies for transcription initiation – focused and dispersed initiation. In focused initiation, transcription starts from a single nucleotide or within a cluster of several nucleotides, whereas in dispersed initiation, there are several weak transcription start sites over a broad region of about 50 to 100 nucleotides. Focused initiation is the predominant means of transcription in simpler organisms, whereas dispersed initiation is observed in approximately two thirds of vertebrate genes. Regulated genes tend to have focused promoters, and constitutive genes typically have dispersed promoters. Hence, in vertebrates, focused promoters are used in a small but biologically important fraction of genes. The properties of focused core promoters are dependent upon the presence or absence of sequence motifs such as the TATA box and DPE. For example, Caudal, a key regulator of the homeotic gene network, preferentially activates transcription from DPE- versus TATA-dependent promoters. The basal transcription factors, which act in conjunction with the core promoter, are another important component in the regulation of gene expression. For instance, upon differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes, the cells undergo a switch from a TFIID-based transcription system to a TRF3-TAF3-based system. These findings suggest that the core promoter and basal transcription factors are important yet mostly unexplored components in the regulation of gene expression.
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影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Butler, JEF;Kadonaga, JT
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kadonaga, J. T.
影响因子：
7.5
作者：
Juven-Gershon, Tamar;Hsu, Jer-Yuan;Kadonaga, James T.
通讯作者：
Kadonaga, James T.