Short-wavelength light sensitivity of circadian, pupillary, and visual awareness in humans lacking an outer retina.
Short-wavelength light sensitivity of circadian, pupillary, and visual awareness in humans lacking an outer retina.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.034
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发表时间：
2007-12-18
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Lockley, Steven W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zaidi, Farhan H.;Hull, Joseph T.;Peirson, Stuart N.;Wulff, Katharina;Aeschbach, Daniel;Gooley, Joshua J.;Brainard, George C.;Gregory-Evans, Kevin;Rizzo, Joseph F., III;Czeisler, Charles A.;Foster, Russell G.;Moseley, Merrick J.;Lockley, Steven W.
由于耳朵具有听觉和平衡的双重功能，眼睛在检测光方面具有双重作用，用于与视觉分开的广泛的行为和生理功能。这些反应主要由光敏视网膜神经节细胞（pRGC）的刺激驱动，所述光敏视网膜神经节细胞（pRGC）对短波长（约480 nm）蓝光最敏感，并且在没有视杆和视锥的情况下保持功能。我们研究了两个深度失明的主题缺乏功能杆和锥（一名男性，56岁;一名女性，87岁）的非成像反应的光谱灵敏度。在男性受试者中，我们发现短波长光优先抑制褪黑激素，重置昼夜节律起搏器，并直接增强警觉性，而555 nm曝光是明视视觉系统的峰值灵敏度。在瞳孔收缩的作用光谱中，女性受试者表现出480 nm的峰值光谱灵敏度（λmax），与pRGC相匹配，但与视杆细胞和视锥细胞不匹配。该受试者还能够正确报告阈值短波长刺激（<480 nm），但不能报告其他波长。总的来说，这些数据表明，pRGC有助于昼夜生理和人类的基本视觉意识，并挑战了基于视杆细胞和视锥细胞的光感受介导对光的所有“视觉”反应的假设。
As the ear has dual functions for audition and balance, the eye has a dual role in detecting light for a wide range of behavioral and physiological functions separate from sight. These responses are driven primarily by stimulation of photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) that are most sensitive to short-wavelength (∼480 nm) blue light and remain functional in the absence of rods and cones. We examined the spectral sensitivity of non-image-forming responses in two profoundly blind subjects lacking functional rods and cones (one male, 56 yr old; one female, 87 yr old). In the male subject, we found that short-wavelength light preferentially suppressed melatonin, reset the circadian pacemaker, and directly enhanced alertness compared to 555 nm exposure, which is the peak sensitivity of the photopic visual system. In an action spectrum for pupillary constriction, the female subject exhibited a peak spectral sensitivity (λmax) of 480 nm, matching that of the pRGCs but not that of the rods and cones. This subject was also able to correctly report a threshold short-wavelength stimulus (∼480 nm) but not other wavelengths. Collectively these data show that pRGCs contribute to both circadian physiology and rudimentary visual awareness in humans and challenge the assumption that rod- and cone-based photoreception mediate all “visual” responses to light.
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影响因子：
30.8
作者：
EVANS, K;FRYER, A;BHATTACHARYA, S
通讯作者：
BHATTACHARYA, S
DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.6.r1771
发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Aeschbach, D;Matthews, JR;Wehr, TA
通讯作者：
Wehr, TA
影响因子：
--
作者：
EVANS, K;DUVALLYOUNG, J;BIRD, AC
通讯作者：
BIRD, AC
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Lockley, SW;Skene, DJ;Arendt, J
通讯作者：
Arendt, J
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Dacey, DM;Liao, HW;Gamlin, PD
通讯作者：
Gamlin, PD