Dementia in Down syndrome: unique insights for Alzheimer disease research.

Dementia in Down syndrome: unique insights for Alzheimer disease research.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41582-018-0132-6
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发表时间:
2019-03
期刊:
Nature reviews. Neurology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Head E
Head E
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lott IT;Head E

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几乎所有患有唐氏综合征(DS)的成年人在40岁时都表现出阿尔茨海默病(AD)的神经病理学变化。这种关联部分是由于淀粉样前体蛋白的过度表达,由APP编码,由于该基因位于21号染色体上。淀粉样蛋白-β(Aβ)在DS患者的整个生命周期中在大脑中积累,这为了解AD的时间进展和导致痴呆发作年龄的表观遗传因素提供了独特的机会。这种年龄依赖性在发展中的AD在DS可以通知研究到AD的介绍在一般人群中,在其中的疾病的纵向观点是不常见的。将DS成人的风险特征、生物标志物特征和遗传特征与普通人群中AD个体的风险特征、生物标志物特征和遗传特征进行比较,有助于确定常见和不同的途径以及痴呆风险增加的潜在机制。本文综述了DS和AD的病理级联反应和遗传学基础之间的相似性和差异,旨在为这些疾病的共同探索提供一个平台。
Virtually all adults with Down syndrome (DS) show neuropathological changes of Alzheimer disease (AD) by age 40 years. This association is due partially to overexpression of amyloid precursor protein, encoded by APP, owing to the location of this gene on chromosome 21. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulates in the brain across the lifespan of people with DS, which provides a unique opportunity to understand the temporal progression of AD and the epigenetic factors that contribute to the age of dementia onset. This age-dependency in the development of AD in DS can inform research into the presentation of AD in the general population, in whom a longitudinal perspective of the disease is not often available. Comparison of the risk profiles, biomarker profiles and genetic profiles of adults with DS with those of individuals with AD in the general population can help to determine common and distinct pathways as well as mechanisms underlying increased risk of dementia. This Review evaluates of similarities and differences between the pathological cascades and genetics underpinning DS and AD with the aim of providing a platform for common exploration of these disorders.
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