Autonomous vehicle policies with equity implications: Patterns and gaps

Autonomous vehicle policies with equity implications: Patterns and gaps
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具有公平影响的自动驾驶汽车政策:模式和差距

DOI:
10.1016/j.trip.2021.100521
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Cao, Jason
Cao, Jason
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Emory, Katie;Douma, Frank;Cao, Jason

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自动驾驶汽车(AV)可能会改善或损害弱势群体的社会公平。政府机构、规划组织、企业和非营利组织已经起草或发布了一系列具有公平影响的AV相关政策。通过对学术和灰色文献的回顾,本研究从模式、频率和差距等方面对这些政策进行了全面分析。我们的分析表明,这些政策可以分为三类:准入和包容,多式联运和社区福祉。关于具体政策,对共用模式和对经济影响的考虑主导了政策格局。帮助边缘化社区、城市停车和自动化交通也是普遍的政策。然而,对低收入人群和有色人种的考虑并没有得到很好的体现,共享车辆中的个人安全问题也没有得到很好的体现,在农村社区部署自动驾驶汽车的模式也没有得到很好的体现。政策制定者已开始规划自动驾驶汽车的潜在公平影响,但仍有更多机会制定政策,以确保最公平的结果。这项研究阐明了具有公平影响的不同类型的政策,并为规划者和决策者提供了一个起草自己政策的基础。
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) may improve or harm social equity for disadvantaged groups. Government agencies, planning organizations, businesses, and nonprofits have drafted or published an array of AV-related policies that have equity implications. Through a review of academic and grey literature, this study pioneers a comprehensive analysis of these policies in terms of patterns, frequencies and gaps. Our analysis shows that these policies can be grouped into three categories: access and inclusion, multimodal transportation, and community wellbeing. Regarding specific policies, considerations for a shared-use model and impacts to the economy dominate the policy landscape. Helping marginalized communities, urban parking, and automating transit are also prevalent policies. However, considerations for people with low incomes and people of color are not well represented, nor are personal security issues within shared vehicles, or models for deploying AVs in rural communities. Policymakers are beginning to plan for the potential equity impacts of AVs, but more opportunities remain for developing policies that will ensure the most equitable outcomes. This study elucidates the different types of policies with equity implications and provides planners and policymakers a base from which to draft their own policy.
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