Characterization of the Two CART Genes (CART1 and CART2) in Chickens (Gallus gallus).
Characterization of the Two CART Genes (CART1 and CART2) in Chickens (Gallus gallus).
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鸡（原鸡）两个 CART 基因（CART1 和 CART2）的表征
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0127107
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wang Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cai G;Mo C;Huang L;Li J;Wang Y
可卡因和苯丙胺调节转录肽(CART)参与了禽类能量平衡的调控，但CART基因(S)的结构和在禽类中的表达仍不清楚。在此，我们克隆并鉴定了鸡的两个CART基因(命名为cCART1和cCART2)。克隆的cCART1可能产生两个生物活性多肽cCART1(42-89)和cCART1(49-89)，它们与哺乳动物的同源性很高(94-98%)，而新的cCART2可能产生一个生物活性多肽cCART2(51-91)，与cCART1有59%的同源性。有趣的是，定量RT-PCR显示cCART1主要在垂体前叶表达，在下丘脑表达较少。根据这一发现，免疫印迹法可在脑垂体前叶中检测到cCART1多肽，体外孵育的雏鸡脑垂体腺分泌cCART1多肽的能力被离子霉素和Forsklin处理所增强，表明cCART1是一种新的由脑垂体前叶产生的多肽激素。此外，禁食48小时后，cCART1mRNA在垂体和下丘脑中的表达均下调，表明其表达受能量状态的影响。与cCART1不同，cCART2只在RT-PCR检测的大多数组织中弱表达，这意味着cCART2在鸡中的作用不那么显著。与鸡一样，在包括腔棘鱼在内的其他非哺乳类脊椎动物中也发现了2个或更多可能由基因和基因组复制事件(S)产生的CART基因。总之，鸟类CART基因的鉴定和鉴定有助于揭示CART肽(S)在脊椎动物中的作用，并为脊椎动物CART基因的进化史提供线索。
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide is implicated in the control of avian energy balance, however, the structure and expression of CART gene(s) remains largely unknown in birds. Here, we cloned and characterized two CART genes (named cCART1 and cCART2) in chickens. The cloned cCART1 is predicted to generate two bioactive peptides, cCART1(42-89) and cCART1(49-89), which share high amino acid sequence identity (94-98%) with their mammalian counterparts, while the novel cCART2 may produce a bioactive peptide cCART2(51-91) with 59% identity to cCART1. Interestingly, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that cCART1 is predominantly expressed in the anterior pituitary and less abundantly in the hypothalamus. In accordance with this finding, cCART1 peptide was easily detected in the anterior pituitary by Western blot, and its secretion from chick pituitaries incubated in vitro was enhanced by ionomycin and forskolin treatment, indicating that cCART1 is a novel peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary. Moreover, cCART1 mRNA expression in both the pituitary and hypothalamus is down-regulated by 48-h fasting, suggesting its expression is affected by energy status. Unlike cCART1, cCART2 is only weakly expressed in most tissues examined by RT-PCR, implying a less significant role of cCART2 in chickens. As in chickens, 2 or more CART genes, likely generated by gene and genome duplication event(s), were also identified in other non-mammalian vertebrate species including coelacanth. Collectively, the identification and characterization of CART genes in birds helps to uncover the roles of CART peptide(s) in vertebrates and provides clues to the evolutionary history of vertebrate CART genes.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Akash, G.;Kaniganti, Tarun;Ghose, Aurnab
通讯作者：
Ghose, Aurnab
DOI：
10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.06.029
发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Kobayashi, Yasuhiro;Peterson, Brian C.;Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.
通讯作者：
Waldbieser, Geoffrey C.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Friedman-Einat, Miriam;Cogburn, Larry A.;Seroussi, Eyal
通讯作者：
Seroussi, Eyal
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Bungo, T;Shimojo, M;Furuse, M
通讯作者：
Furuse, M
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Dey, A;Xhu, XR;Steiner, DF
通讯作者：
Steiner, DF