A Case for Digital Beamforming at mmWave
A Case for Digital Beamforming at mmWave
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毫米波数字波束成形案例
DOI:
10.1109/twc.2019.2948329
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
10.4
通讯作者:
Rangan, Sundeep
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dutta, Sourjya;Barati, N;Ramirez, David;Dhananjay, Aditya;Buckwalter, James F.;Rangan, Sundeep
Due to the heavy reliance of millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless systems on directional links, beamforming (BF) with high-dimensional arrays is essential for cellular systems in these frequencies. Thus, performing the array processing in a power-efficient manner is a fundamental challenge. Analog and hybrid BF require few analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters (ADCs and DACs), but can only communicate in a small number of directions at a time, limiting directional search, spatial multiplexing, and control signaling. Digital BF enables flexible spatial processing but must be operated at a low quantization resolution to stay within reasonable power levels. This decrease in quantizer resolution distorts the received as well as the transmitted signal. To assess the effect of coarse quantization at the receiver, this paper presents a system level analytic framework based on a simple additive quantization noise model (AQNM). The analysis verified through extensive simulations reveals that at moderate resolutions (3-4 bits per ADC), there is negligible loss in downlink cellular capacity from quantization. In essence, the low resolution ADCs limit the high SNR, where cellular systems typically do not operate. For the transmitter, it is shown that DACs with 4 or more bits of resolution can support high order modulations, and do not violate the adjacent carrier leakage limit set by 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) standards for cellular operations. In fact, our findings suggest that low resolution digital BF architectures can be a power-efficient alternative to analog or hybrid BF for both transmitters and receivers at millimeter-wave.
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