Is early-onset cancer an emerging global epidemic? Current evidence and future implications.
Is early-onset cancer an emerging global epidemic? Current evidence and future implications.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41571-022-00672-8
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发表时间：
2022-10
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在过去的几十年里，早发性癌症的发病率在多个国家有所增加。早发性癌症通常被定义为在50岁以下的成年人中确诊的乳腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、食道癌、肝外胆管癌、胆囊癌、头颈部癌、肾癌、肝癌、骨髓癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、胃癌和甲状腺癌。更多地使用筛查方案在一定程度上促成了这一现象，尽管几种癌症类型的早发性发病率似乎也出现了真正的增加。有证据表明，在生命早期和成年初期，风险因素暴露在病因学上起到了作用。自20世纪中叶以来，暴露组发生了实质性的多代变化(包括饮食、生活方式、肥胖、环境和微生物组)，所有这些都可能与基因组和/或遗传易感性相互作用。然而，个人接触的影响在很大程度上仍不清楚。要研究早期暴露及其对多种癌症类型的影响，将需要使用专门的生物库和数据收集技术进行前瞻性队列研究。提高公众和卫生保健专业人员的认识也是至关重要的。在这篇综述中，我们描述了全球早发性癌症发病率的变化，并提出了可能减轻癌症和其他慢性非传染性疾病负担的措施。
Over the past decades, the incidence of early-onset cancers, often defined as cancers diagnosed in adults <50 years of age, in the breast, colorectum, endometrium, oesophagus, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, head and neck, kidney, liver, bone marrow, pancreas, prostate, stomach, and thyroid has increased in multiple countries. Increased use of screening programmes has contributed to this phenomenon to a certain extent, although a genuine increase in the incidence of early-onset forms of several cancer types also seems to have emerged. Evidence suggests an aetiological role of risk factor exposures in early life and young adulthood. Since the mid-20th century, substantial multigenerational changes in the exposome have occurred (including in diet, lifestyle, obesity, environment and the microbiome), all of which might interact with genomic and/or genetic susceptibilities. However, the effects of individual exposures remain largely unknown. To study early-life exposures and their implications for multiple cancer types will require prospective cohort studies with dedicated biobanking and data collection technologies. Raising awareness among both the public and health-care professionals will also be critical. In this Review, we describe changes in the incidence of early-onset cancers globally and suggest measures that will likely reduce the burden of cancers and other chronic non-communicable diseases.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Archambault AN;Lin Y;Jeon J;Harrison TA;Bishop DT;Brenner H;Casey G;Chan AT;Chang-Claude J;Figueiredo JC;Gallinger S;Gruber SB;Gunter MJ;Hoffmeister M;Jenkins MA;Keku TO;Marchand LL;Li L;Moreno V;Newcomb PA;Pai R;Parfrey PS;Rennert G;Sakoda LC;Sandler RS;Slattery ML;Song M;Win AK;Woods MO;Murphy N;Campbell PT;Su YR;Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A;Liang PS;Du M;Hsu L;Peters U;Hayes RB
通讯作者：
Hayes RB
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Dai J;Nishi A;Tran N;Yamamoto Y;Dewey G;Ugai T;Ogino S
通讯作者：
Ogino S
影响因子：
24.5
作者：
Arnold, Melina;Ferlay, Jacques;Soerjomataram, Isabelle
通讯作者：
Soerjomataram, Isabelle
影响因子：
29.4
作者：
Archambault, Alexi N.;Su, Yu-Ru;Hayes, Richard B.
通讯作者：
Hayes, Richard B.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
通讯作者：
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