Airborne endotoxin concentrations in homes burning biomass fuel.

Airborne endotoxin concentrations in homes burning biomass fuel.
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DOI:
10.1289/ehp.0901605
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发表时间:
2010-07
影响因子:
10.4
通讯作者:
Ayres JG
Ayres JG
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Semple S;Devakumar D;Fullerton DG;Thorne PS;Metwali N;Costello A;Gordon SB;Manandhar DS;Ayres JG

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世界上大约一半的人口暴露在家里燃烧生物质燃料产生的烟雾中。这些家庭中空气中的高颗粒物水平以及暴露于这种烟雾的健康负担都有很好的描述。燃烧未经加工的生物材料(例如木材和干燥的动物粪便)也可能产生高浓度的室内内毒素。在这项研究中,我们测量了燃烧不同生物质燃料的家庭中空气中的内毒素水平。在尼泊尔燃烧木材或干动物粪便的家庭中进行了空气采样(n = 31),在马拉维燃烧木材、木炭或农作物残留物的家庭中进行了空气采样(n = 38)。分析过滤器的内毒素含量,表示为空气中的内毒素浓度和每质量空气中颗粒的内毒素。空气中的内毒素浓度很高。马拉维家庭 24 小时内的平均可吸入内毒素总量中位浓度在烧木炭的家庭中为 24 内毒素单位 (EU)/m3,在燃烧木材的家庭中为 40 EU/m3。在尼泊尔收集的短烹饪时间样本中,燃烧木材的房屋中的中值为 43 EU/m3,燃烧粪便的房屋中的中值为 365 EU/m3,这表明随着未加工固体燃料的能量水平降低,内毒素水平增加。燃烧生物质燃料的家庭中空气中的内毒素浓度比发达国家家庭中发现的浓度高出几个数量级,在发达国家,内毒素暴露与儿童呼吸道疾病有关。需要开展工作来确定这些高浓度的决定因素,采取干预措施来减少接触,并进行健康研究来检查这些从早年经历的持续的、接近职业水平的接触水平的影响。
About half of the world’s population is exposed to smoke from burning biomass fuels at home. The high airborne particulate levels in these homes and the health burden of exposure to this smoke are well described. Burning unprocessed biological material such as wood and dried animal dung may also produce high indoor endotoxin concentrations. In this study we measured airborne endotoxin levels in homes burning different biomass fuels. Air sampling was carried out in homes burning wood or dried animal dung in Nepal (n = 31) and wood, charcoal, or crop residues in Malawi (n = 38). Filters were analyzed for endotoxin content expressed as airborne endotoxin concentration and endotoxin per mass of airborne particulate. Airborne endotoxin concentrations were high. Averaged over 24 hr in Malawian homes, median concentrations of total inhalable endotoxin were 24 endotoxin units (EU)/m3 in charcoal-burning homes and 40 EU/m3 in wood-burning homes. Short cooking-time samples collected in Nepal produced median values of 43 EU/m3 in wood-burning homes and 365 EU/m3 in dung-burning homes, suggesting increasing endotoxin levels with decreasing energy levels in unprocessed solid fuels. Airborne endotoxin concentrations in homes burning biomass fuels are orders of magnitude higher than those found in homes in developed countries where endotoxin exposure has been linked to respiratory illness in children. There is a need for work to identify the determinants of these high concentrations, interventions to reduce exposure, and health studies to examine the effects of these sustained, near-occupational levels of exposure experienced from early life.
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