Genome analyses of an aggressive and invasive lineage of the Irish potato famine pathogen.
Genome analyses of an aggressive and invasive lineage of the Irish potato famine pathogen.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002940
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Kamoun S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooke DE;Cano LM;Raffaele S;Bain RA;Cooke LR;Etherington GJ;Deahl KL;Farrer RA;Gilroy EM;Goss EM;Grünwald NJ;Hein I;MacLean D;McNicol JW;Randall E;Oliva RF;Pel MA;Shaw DS;Squires JN;Taylor MC;Vleeshouwers VG;Birch PR;Lees AK;Kamoun S
害虫和病原体的损失危及全球粮食安全，自 19 世纪爱尔兰饥荒以来，马铃薯晚疫病就是这种威胁的例证。致病卵菌病原体致病疫霉通过无性谱系的连续出现和迁移在农业系统中经历了重大的种群变化。这些选择性清除的表型和基因型基础在很大程度上是未知的，但管理策略需要适应不断变化的病原体种群。在这里，我们使用分子标记记录了欧洲致病疫霉种群中一个名为 13_A2 的谱系的出现，以及它在不到三年的时间里迅速取代其他谱系，超过英国病原体种群的 75%。我们表明，13_A2 谱系的分离株对栽培马铃薯最具攻击性，在田间竞争中胜过其他攻击性谱系，并克服了以前有效的植物宿主抗性形式。 13_A2 分离株的基因组分析揭示了广泛的遗传和表达多态性，特别是在效应基因中。 13_A2 分离株内的拷贝数变化、基因获得和丢失、氨基酸替换以及疾病效应基因表达模式的变化可能有助于增强毒力和攻击性，从而导致种群迁移。重要的是，13_A2 分离株携带完整且在植物中诱导的 Avrblb1、Avrblb2 和 Avrvnt1 效应基因，这些基因在携带相应 R 免疫受体基因 Rpi-blb1、Rpi-blb2 和 Rpi-vnt1.1 的马铃薯品系中引发抗性。这些发现指出了一种利用遗传抗性来减轻 13_A2 谱系影响的策略，并说明了病原体种群监测与基因组分析相结合如何为毁灭性疾病流行的管理提供信息。我们已经记录了西北欧马铃薯晚疫病病原体致病疫霉种群的巨大变化，其中出现了一种名为 13_A2 的侵入性和攻击性谱系，并迅速取代了其他基因型。 13_A2 分离株的基因组显示出高比例的序列多态性和感染期间基因表达的显着变异水平，特别是在致病性中具有推定作用的效应基因。总的来说，这些多态性与延长的生物营养期相结合，可以解释 13_A2 的攻击性及其对先前具有抗性的马铃薯品种引起疾病的能力。基因组分析确定了马铃薯抗性基因感知的保守效应子。这些发现为宿主抗性的战略部署提供了选择，对作物产量和粮食安全产生积极影响。这项工作强调了作物病害管理策略的好处，该策略结合了地理结构、进化动力学、基因组序列多样性和植物诱导的病原体谱系效应子补体的知识。
Pest and pathogen losses jeopardise global food security and ever since the 19th century Irish famine, potato late blight has exemplified this threat. The causal oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, undergoes major population shifts in agricultural systems via the successive emergence and migration of asexual lineages. The phenotypic and genotypic bases of these selective sweeps are largely unknown but management strategies need to adapt to reflect the changing pathogen population. Here, we used molecular markers to document the emergence of a lineage, termed 13_A2, in the European P. infestans population, and its rapid displacement of other lineages to exceed 75% of the pathogen population across Great Britain in less than three years. We show that isolates of the 13_A2 lineage are among the most aggressive on cultivated potatoes, outcompete other aggressive lineages in the field, and overcome previously effective forms of plant host resistance. Genome analyses of a 13_A2 isolate revealed extensive genetic and expression polymorphisms particularly in effector genes. Copy number variations, gene gains and losses, amino-acid replacements and changes in expression patterns of disease effector genes within the 13_A2 isolate likely contribute to enhanced virulence and aggressiveness to drive this population displacement. Importantly, 13_A2 isolates carry intact and in planta induced Avrblb1, Avrblb2 and Avrvnt1 effector genes that trigger resistance in potato lines carrying the corresponding R immune receptor genes Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2, and Rpi-vnt1.1. These findings point towards a strategy for deploying genetic resistance to mitigate the impact of the 13_A2 lineage and illustrate how pathogen population monitoring, combined with genome analysis, informs the management of devastating disease epidemics. We have documented a dramatic shift in the population of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans in northwest Europe in which an invasive and aggressive lineage called 13_A2 has emerged and rapidly displaced other genotypes. The genome of a 13_A2 isolate revealed a high rate of sequence polymorphism and a remarkable level of variation in gene expression during infection, particularly of effector genes with putative roles in pathogenicity. Collectively, these polymorphisms, in combination with an extended biotrophic phase, may explain the aggressiveness of 13_A2 and its ability to cause disease on previously resistant potato cultivars. The genome analysis identified conserved effectors that are sensed by potato resistance genes. These findings provide options for the strategic deployment of host resistance with a positive impact on crop yield and food security. This work stresses the benefits of a crop disease management strategy incorporating knowledge of the geographical structure, evolutionary dynamics, genome sequence diversity and in planta-induced effector complement of pathogen lineages.
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影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Gisi, Ulrich;Walder, Florian;Sierotzki, Helge
通讯作者：
Sierotzki, Helge
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0611479104
发表时间：
2007-02-27
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Gomez-Alpizar, Luis;Carbone, Ignazio;Ristaino, Jean Beagle
通讯作者：
Ristaino, Jean Beagle
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Bradshaw, JE;Pande, B;Waugh, R
通讯作者：
Waugh, R
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Bos, Jorunn I. B.;Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi;Kamoun, Sophien
通讯作者：
Kamoun, Sophien
影响因子：
10.1
作者：
Fry, WE;Goodwin, SB
通讯作者：
Goodwin, SB