Impact of T. vaginalis infection on innate immune responses and reproductive outcome.
Impact of T. vaginalis infection on innate immune responses and reproductive outcome.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jri.2009.08.007
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发表时间：
2009-12
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Fichorova, Raina N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fichorova, Raina N.
阴道毛滴虫是最常见的非病毒性传播病原体。这种感染在育龄妇女中普遍存在，与阴道炎、子宫内膜炎、附件炎、输卵管脓肿、不孕、早产、低出生体重、细菌性阴道病以及宫颈癌、HPV 和 HIV 感染风险增加有关。在男性中，其并发症包括尿道炎、前列腺炎、附睾炎，以及因炎症损伤或干扰精子功能而导致不孕。尽管存在特异性抗体，但感染通常无症状且反复发作，这表明先天免疫防御的重要性。阴道毛滴虫粘附蛋白、半胱氨酸蛋白酶和主要寄生虫脂磷酸聚糖 (LPG) 在宿主免疫的发病机制和逃避中发挥着独特的作用。 LPG 在寄生虫粘附和向人类阴道和宫颈上皮细胞发出信号方面发挥着关键作用，这至少部分是由半乳糖凝集素介导的。上皮细胞通过选择性上调促炎介质来响应阴道毛滴虫感染和纯化的LPG。同时，阴道毛滴虫会引发单核细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞的免疫抑制反应。与阴道毛滴虫感染相关的生殖并发症和流行病学风险的分子机制仍有待阐明。
Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted pathogen. The infection is prevalent in reproductive age women and is associated with vaginitis, endometritis, adnexitis, pyosalpinx, infertility, preterm birth, low birth weight, bacterial vaginosis, and increased risk of cervical cancer, HPV, and HIV infection. In men, its complications include urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, and infertility through inflammatory damage or interference with the sperm function. The infection is often asymptomatic and recurrent despite the presence of specific antibodies, suggesting the importance of the innate immune defense. T. vaginalis adhesion proteins, cysteine proteases, and the major parasite lipophosphoglycan (LPG) play distinct roles in the pathogenesis and evasion of host immunity. LPG plays a key role in the parasite adherence and signaling to human vaginal and cervical epithelial cells, which is at least in part mediated by galectins. The epithelial cells respond to T. vaginalis infection and purified LPG by selective upregulation of proinflammatory mediators. At the same time, T. vaginalis triggers an immunosuppressive response in monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive complications and epidemiologic risks associated with T. vaginalis infection remain to be elucidated.
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