Conservation and diversification of small RNA pathways within flatworms.
Conservation and diversification of small RNA pathways within flatworms.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12862-017-1061-5
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发表时间：
2017-09-11
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Tort JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fontenla S;Rinaldi G;Smircich P;Tort JF
小的非编码RNA，包括miRNA，和RNA干扰介导的基因沉默已经在扁形虫的自由生活和寄生谱系中描述，但只有少数几个小RNA途径的关键因素已经在有限数量的物种中进行了详尽的研究。扁形虫草案基因组和预测的蛋白质组的可用性，使我们能够进行一个扩展的调查，在这个门的小非编码RNA途径的基因。总的来说，研究结果表明，小的非编码RNA途径是保守的所有分析的扁形虫谱系;然而，显着的特点被确定。虽然Piwi基因在自由生活的蠕虫中被扩增，但它们在所有寄生物种中完全不存在。值得注意的是，所有扁形虫都有一个特定的Argonaute家族（FL-Ago），该家族在不同的谱系中独立扩增。其他关键因子如Dicer也是重复的，Dicer-2显示了吸虫、绦虫和自由生活的扁形虫之间的结构差异。类似地，在所有扁形虫谱系中鉴定出非常不同的GW182 Argonaute相互作用蛋白。与此相反，参与RNAi干扰信号扩增的基因仅在祖先自由生活物种Macrostomum lignano中检测到。我们在这里描述了所有假定的小RNA途径存在于自由生活和寄生扁形虫谱系。这些发现突出了在扁形动物中特别进化的创新，推测与小RNA途径介导的基因表达调控的新机制有关，这些途径与模式生物中经典描述的不同。了解这些特定于门的创新以及自由生活和寄生物种之间的差异可能会为适应寄生提供线索，并将与感染全球数亿人的寄生扁虫的基因沉默技术开发相关。本文的在线版本（10.1186/s12862 - 017 - 1061 - 5）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Small non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, and gene silencing mediated by RNA interference have been described in free-living and parasitic lineages of flatworms, but only few key factors of the small RNA pathways have been exhaustively investigated in a limited number of species. The availability of flatworm draft genomes and predicted proteomes allowed us to perform an extended survey of the genes involved in small non-coding RNA pathways in this phylum. Overall, findings show that the small non-coding RNA pathways are conserved in all the analyzed flatworm linages; however notable peculiarities were identified. While Piwi genes are amplified in free-living worms they are completely absent in all parasitic species. Remarkably all flatworms share a specific Argonaute family (FL-Ago) that has been independently amplified in different lineages. Other key factors such as Dicer are also duplicated, with Dicer-2 showing structural differences between trematodes, cestodes and free-living flatworms. Similarly, a very divergent GW182 Argonaute interacting protein was identified in all flatworm linages. Contrasting to this, genes involved in the amplification of the RNAi interfering signal were detected only in the ancestral free living species Macrostomum lignano. We here described all the putative small RNA pathways present in both free living and parasitic flatworm lineages. These findings highlight innovations specifically evolved in platyhelminths presumably associated with novel mechanisms of gene expression regulation mediated by small RNA pathways that differ to what has been classically described in model organisms. Understanding these phylum-specific innovations and the differences between free living and parasitic species might provide clues to adaptations to parasitism, and would be relevant for gene-silencing technology development for parasitic flatworms that infect hundreds of million people worldwide. The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-017-1061-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Chen, Mu-Xin;Hu, Wei;Chen, Jia-Xu
通讯作者：
Chen, Jia-Xu
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
Eulalio, Ana;Huntzinger, Eric;Izaurralde, Elisa
通讯作者：
Izaurralde, Elisa
模因套件：用于发现和搜索的工具。
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Bailey TL;Boden M;Buske FA;Frith M;Grant CE;Clementi L;Ren J;Li WW;Noble WS
通讯作者：
Noble WS
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Caudy, AA;Myers, M;Hammond, SM
通讯作者：
Hammond, SM
DOI：
10.1126/science.1157647
发表时间：
2008-07-25
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Guang S;Bochner AF;Pavelec DM;Burkhart KB;Harding S;Lachowiec J;Kennedy S
通讯作者：
Kennedy S