Adaptation, extinction and global change.
Adaptation, extinction and global change.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1752-4571.2007.00011.x
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发表时间：
2008-02
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Collins S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bell G;Collins S
我们讨论了三个相互关联的问题：环境变化和适应的自然速度，人口将适应潜在致命变化的可能性，以及适应全球变化的主要推动力二氧化碳浓度升高。环境的变化是由幂律表明，在不同的条件下，随着ln的流逝时间增加，在0.3-0.4的比率。这导致了许多自然种群中强烈但波动的选择。重复不利变化对平均适应度的影响取决于其频率而不是其严重程度。然而，如果平均适合度的降低导致种群下降，那么严重的压力可能导致灭绝。从灭绝中进化拯救需要丰富的遗传变异或高突变供应率，因此需要大的种群规模。虽然自然种群可以承受相当激烈的选择，但它们往往无法适应污染和酸化等人为压力，而是灭绝了。实验选择线的藻类没有表现出特定的适应CO2浓度升高，而是失去了他们的碳浓缩机制，通过突变降解。这可能会降低海洋碳泵的有效性。二氧化碳浓度升高也可能导致浮游植物群落组成的变化，尽管目前尚不清楚这些变化会是什么。我们强调实验进化在理解和预测全球变化的生物反应的重要性。这将是未来十年进化生物学家的主要任务之一。
We discuss three interlinked issues: the natural pace of environmental change and adaptation, the likelihood that a population will adapt to a potentially lethal change, and adaptation to elevated CO2, the prime mover of global change. Environmental variability is governed by power laws showing that ln difference in conditions increases with ln elapsed time at a rate of 0.3–0.4. This leads to strong but fluctuating selection in many natural populations. The effect of repeated adverse change on mean fitness depends on its frequency rather than its severity. If the depression of mean fitness leads to population decline, however, severe stress may cause extinction. Evolutionary rescue from extinction requires abundant genetic variation or a high mutation supply rate, and thus a large population size. Although natural populations can sustain quite intense selection, they often fail to adapt to anthropogenic stresses such as pollution and acidification and instead become extinct. Experimental selection lines of algae show no specific adaptation to elevated CO2, but instead lose their carbon-concentrating mechanism through mutational degradation. This is likely to reduce the effectiveness of the oceanic carbon pump. Elevated CO2 is also likely to lead to changes in phytoplankton community composition, although it is not yet clear what these will be. We emphasize the importance of experimental evolution in understanding and predicting the biological response to global change. This will be one of the main tasks of evolutionary biologists in the coming decade.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
BRADSHAW, AD;MCNEILLY, T
通讯作者：
MCNEILLY, T
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1991.0079
发表时间：
1991-08-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
BRADSHAW, AD
通讯作者：
BRADSHAW, AD
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Burkhardt, S;Amoroso, G;S端ltemeyer, D
通讯作者：
S端ltemeyer, D
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2000.1096
发表时间：
2000-05-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Clark, DR;Flynn, KJ
通讯作者：
Flynn, KJ
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Boyd, PW;Watson, AJ;Zeldis, J
通讯作者：
Zeldis, J