Update on the developmental consequences of cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation.
Update on the developmental consequences of cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation.
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DOI：
10.1002/bdr2.1766
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发表时间：
2020-09
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Chambers, Christina D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grant, Kimberly S.;Conover, Elizabeth;Chambers, Christina D.
随着越来越多的州将使用大麻合法化，怀孕和哺乳期间使用大麻的流行趋势大幅增加。关于大麻致畸风险的信息有限，但可以收集到一些重要的主题。研究尚未发现产前暴露的独特表型特征，但已报告先天性异常，特别是腹裂的风险增加。在一些流行病学研究中描述了胎儿生长的变化，但长期的身体生长模式似乎不受影响。产前接触大麻通常与全球智商下降无关，但特定的认知技能，特别是注意力和记忆力，可能会受到负面影响。对心理健康的长期影响包括抑郁症状和焦虑以及青少年犯罪率的增加。对哺乳期母亲使用大麻的风险知之甚少，但数据表明，与母亲接触相比，婴儿接触相对较低。随着δ-9-四氢大麻酚（THC）水平的增加，以满足消费者的需求和接触途径的多样化，迫切需要进行前瞻性的出生队列研究，收集生物样本，以量化接触。从这类研究中获得的数据对于克服以往大麻研究的弱点至关重要，对于建立关于产妇使用大麻风险的可靠信息至关重要。在此之前，应鼓励卫生保健提供者与患者讨论怀孕和哺乳期间使用大麻的风险和益处，强调此时不能排除胎儿和新生儿的风险。
There is a strong increase in prevalence trends for cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation as more states legalize use of this drug. Information on the teratogenic risk of cannabis is limited but some important themes can be gleaned. Studies have not found a unique phenotypic signature of prenatal exposure but an increased risk of congenital anomalies, particularly gastroschisis, has been reported. Changes in fetal growth have been described in some epidemiological studies but long-term patterns of physical growth appear unaffected. Prenatal exposure to cannabis is not generally associated with reductions in global IQ but specific cognitive skills, especially attention and memory, can be negatively impacted. Long-term impacts on psychological health include increased rates of depressive symptoms and anxiety as well as delinquency. Relatively little is known about the risk of maternal cannabis use during lactation but data suggest that infant exposure is relatively low compared to maternal exposure. As delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels increase to meet consumer demand and routes of exposure diversify, there is a strong need for prospective birth-cohort studies that collect biological samples to quantify exposure. Data from such studies will be critical to overcoming the weaknesses of past cannabis research and are essential to establishing reliable information on the risks of maternal use. Until that time, health care providers should be encouraged to talk about the risks and benefits associated with cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation with their patients, emphasizing that fetal and neonatal risks cannot be excluded at this time.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajmg.c.30308
发表时间：
2011-08-15
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Conover, Elizabeth A.;Polifka, Janine E.
通讯作者：
Polifka, Janine E.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00041.x
发表时间：
1994-08-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
ROBLES, N
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
JASPERSE, D
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
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影响因子：
8
作者：
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通讯作者：
Chambers, Christina D.