Subgingival biofilm formation.
Subgingival biofilm formation.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00311.x
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发表时间：
2010-02
影响因子：
18.6
通讯作者：
Lamont RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuboniwa M;Lamont RJ
人体包含许多独特的生态系统，为微生物的定植提供了独特的环境。牙周袋就是这样一个微孔。这个环境部分地避免了口腔内的物理剪切力，并且包含了坚硬的、不脱落的牙根表面以及脱落的牙龈粘膜表面。连接上皮，附着于牙根，分化差，缺乏角化，细胞间隙相对较宽。因此，接合上皮具有渗透性，允许多形核白细胞迁移到牙周袋内。此外，牙周袋中的组织浸泡在龈沟液中，这是一种具有抗氧化特性的血清渗出物。最初的细菌定植体附着在可用的表面上，正如2000年牙周病学卷中其他地方讨论的那样。后来的殖民者附着在先前的生物体上，并聚集成多微生物群落。硬表面上的生物膜发展成空间组织结构，可以从表面延伸数百微米。相比之下，不断脱落和补充的上皮表面往往被单层微生物定植。然而，一些致病性更强的细菌能够侵入牙龈细胞和组织，在那里它们可以存活，从而构成感染病灶。种间粘附相互作用有助于塑造牙龈缝隙中复杂细菌联合体的时间和空间发展。这些群落中的细菌会遇到高细胞密度，因此，群落生活涉及适应更高（和不均匀分布）水平的代谢副产物、次级代谢和其他分泌分子，以及零星可用的营养和氧气。众所周知，生物膜上的细菌居民在努力优化对这些环境约束的适应时，既会合作（例如通过营养交叉喂养），也会竞争（例如通过产生细菌素）。细菌也可以通过基于细胞间接触或可溶性介质检测的各种传感和反应系统相互交流。信号分子通过转录和转录后网络进行处理，它们允许生物膜上的细菌居民在群体或群落水平上协调活动。因此，了解牙龈下生物膜形成和发育的机制需要适应多种微生物群落中发生的多种种间相互作用。
The human body contains numerous distinctive ecosystems that provide a unique environment for colonizing microorganisms. The periodontal pocket is one such microniche. This environment is partially sheltered from the physical shear forces in the oral cavity and contains the hard, nonshedding surfaces of the tooth root along with the shedding surfaces of gingival mucosa. The junctional epithelium, which is attached to the tooth root, is poorly differentiated, lacks keratinization and has relatively wide intercellular spaces. Consequently, junctional epithelium is permeable and allows the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the periodontal pocket. Furthermore, the tissues in the periodontal pocket are bathed in gingival crevicular fluid, a serum exudate with antioxidant properties. The initial bacterial colonizers attach to the available surfaces, as discussed elsewhere in this volume of Periodontology 2000. Later colonizers attach to the antecedent organisms and assemble into polymicrobial communities. The biofilms on the hard surfaces develop into spatially organized structures that can extend several hundred micrometers from the surface. By contrast, the epithelial surfaces, which are continually being sloughed and replenished, tend to be colonized with monolayers of microorganisms. However, several of the more pathogenic species of bacteria are able to invade the gingival cells and tissues where they can remain viable and thus constitute a nidus of infection.Interspecies adherence interactions help to shape the temporal and spatial development of the complex bacterial consortia in the gingival crevice. Bacteria within these communities encounter high cell densities and, in consequence, community living involves adaptation to higher (and unevenly distributed) levels of metabolic by-products, secondary metabolities and other secreted molecules, and to the sporadic availability of nutrients and oxygen. Bacterial inhabitants of biofilms are known to both collaborate (eg through nutritional cross-feeding) and compete (eg through production of bacteriocins) as they strive to optimize their adaptation to these environmental constraints. Bacteria can also communicate with one another through a variety of sensing and response systems based on either cell-tocell contact or detection of soluble mediators. The signaling molecules are processed through transcriptional and post-transcriptional networks and they allow bacterial inhabitants of biofilms to coordinate activities at a group or community level. An understanding of the mechanisms of subgingival biofilm formation and development needs, therefore, to accommodate the multiple interspecies interactions that occur in polymicrobial communities.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
HANDLEY, PS;CARTER, PL;HESKETH, LM
通讯作者：
HESKETH, LM
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Davey, Mary E.;Duncan, Margaret J.
通讯作者：
Duncan, Margaret J.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Diaz, PI;Zilm, PS;Rogers, AH
通讯作者：
Rogers, AH
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Amano, A;Fujiwara, T;Shizukuishi, S
通讯作者：
Shizukuishi, S
影响因子：
--
作者：
Haffajee, A. D.;Socransky, S. S.;Song, X.
通讯作者：
Song, X.