Risk, sanctions and norm change: the formation and decay of social distancing norms.
Risk, sanctions and norm change: the formation and decay of social distancing norms.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2023.0035
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发表时间：
2024-03-11
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Tummolini, Luca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vriens, Eva;Andrighetto, Giulia;Tummolini, Luca
气候危机和大流行病爆发等全球性挑战需要集体应对，人们需要迅速适应不断变化的环境。社会规范是潜在的解决方案，但前提是它们本身足够灵活。2019冠状病毒病大流行为研究现实世界中规范的形成和衰退提供了独特的机会。我们跟踪了2021年6月至2022年2月期间对社交距离的实证和规范性预期，以及对制裁的实证和规范性预期，以探讨规范和元规范是如何随着COVID-19风险的下降和增加而演变的。我们发现规范和元规范部分地与风险动态共同进化，尽管它们恢复有一定的延迟。这意味着，一旦风险增加，就应该执行规范。因此，我们测试了制裁意图在不同假设规范下的变化，发现它们随着明确的元规范制裁而增加，而随着明确的社会规范距离而减少。综上所述，社会规范随着风险的变化而自发进化，但当缺乏制裁的元规范引入对违反规范的容忍时，社会规范可能不具有足够的适应性。此外，如果强化社会规范会增加对违反规范的容忍度，规范助推可能会产生负面外部性。这些结果在一定程度上限制了社会规范作为指导风险行为的解决方案。本文是“社会规范变化：驱动因素和后果”主题的一部分。
Global challenges like the climate crisis and pandemic outbreaks require collective responses where people quickly adapt to changing circumstances. Social norms are potential solutions, but only if they themselves are flexible enough. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to study norm formation and decay in real-world contexts. We tracked empirical and normative expectations about social distancing and empirical and normative expectations of sanctioning from June 2021 to February 2022 to explore how norms and meta norms evolved as COVID-19 risk decreased and increased. We found that norms and meta norms partially coevolve with risk dynamics, although they recover with some delay. This implies that norms should be enforced as soon as risk increases. We therefore tested how sanctioning intentions vary for different hypothetical norms and find them to increase with a clear meta norm of sanctioning, yet decrease with a clear social norm of distance. In conclusion, social norms evolve spontaneously with changing risk, but might not be adaptive enough when the lack of meta norms of sanctioning introduce tolerance for norm violations. Moreover, norm nudges can potentially have negative externalities if strengthening the social norm increases tolerance for norm violations. These results put some limits to social norms as solutions to guide behaviour under risk. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Social norm change: drivers and consequences’.
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