Homo temporus: Seasonal Cycles as a Fundamental Source of Variation in Human Psychology.
Homo temporus: Seasonal Cycles as a Fundamental Source of Variation in Human Psychology.
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DOI：
10.1177/17456916231178695
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发表时间：
2024-01
影响因子：
12.6
通讯作者：
Varnum, Michael E. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hohm, Ian;Wormley, Alexandra S.;Schaller, Mark;Varnum, Michael E. W.
许多动物物种在生理和行为上表现出季节性变化。然而，尽管有充分的证据表明人类也对季节做出反应，但相对于其他变化来源（例如，个性、文化、发展）。这是不幸的，因为季节性变化具有潜在的深刻的概念，经验，方法和实际影响。在这里，我们鼓励更系统和全面的集体努力，以记录和理解季节影响人类心理的多种方式。我们提供了一个说明性的总结经验证据表明，季节影响范围广泛的情感，认知和行为现象。然后，我们阐明了一个概念框架，概述了一套因果机制，通过季节可以影响人类的心理机制，反映季节变化不仅在气象变量，而且在生态和社会文化变量。这个框架可能是有用的整合许多不同的季节性效应，已经被实证证明，并产生新的假设，还没有收到经验的关注额外的季节性效应。文章最后一节提供了实用的建议，以促进更大的赞赏，并系统地研究，季节作为人类心理变化的基本来源。
Many animal species exhibit seasonal changes in their physiology and behavior. Yet despite ample evidence that humans are also responsive to seasons, the impact of seasonal changes on human psychology is underappreciated relative to other sources of variation (e.g., personality, culture, development). This is unfortunate because seasonal variation has potentially profound conceptual, empirical, methodological, and practical implications. Here, we encourage a more systematic and comprehensive collective effort to document and understand the many ways in which seasons influence human psychology. We provide an illustrative summary of empirical evidence showing that seasons impact a wide range of affective, cognitive, and behavioral phenomena. We then articulate a conceptual framework that outlines a set of causal mechanisms through which seasons can influence human psychology—mechanisms that reflect seasonal changes not only in meteorological variables but also in ecological and sociocultural variables. This framework may be useful for integrating many different seasonal effects that have already been empirically documented and for generating new hypotheses about additional seasonal effects that have not yet received empirical attention. The article closes with a section that provides practical suggestions to facilitate greater appreciation for, and systematic study of, seasons as a fundamental source of variation in human psychology.
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