Applications of Exosomes in Diagnosing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.
Applications of Exosomes in Diagnosing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.
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DOI：
10.3390/pharmaceutics14102027
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发表时间：
2022-09-23
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
He, Mei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walker, Jillian Marie;O'Malley, Padraic;He, Mei
关键词：
肌肉浸润性膀胱癌（MIBC）是膀胱癌的一个亚类，具有显著的转移和死亡风险。它占膀胱癌诊断的近25%。MIBC的诊断性检查包括泌尿系统评估、CT扫描的放射成像、尿分析和膀胱镜检查。这些评估，特别是膀胱镜检查，是侵入性的，并带来继发性健康问题的风险。非侵入性诊断，如尿细胞学是一个有吸引力的替代目前正在研究，以减轻膀胱镜检查的要求。尿细胞学检查的一个缺陷是缺乏对恶性膀胱细胞具有高可靠性、特异性和敏感性的可用选择。外泌体是一种新的生物标志物来源，由于其作为肿瘤细胞替代物的高度特异性，可以解决尿细胞学的一些问题。本文就肌层浸润性膀胱癌的定义、尿细胞学检查方法、外泌体在肌层浸润性膀胱癌中的作用以及外泌体在肌层浸润性膀胱癌诊断中的应用作一综述。尿外泌体作为细胞外囊泡的特定群体可以提供对膀胱恶性肿瘤具有特异性和敏感性的额外生物标志物，这是指导临床医生制定治疗策略的细胞信息的一致来源。鉴于其在正常细胞和癌细胞之间的强大存在和分化能力，基于外泌体的尿细胞学在提供患者膀胱癌的前景方面非常有希望。
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) is a subset of bladder cancer with a significant risk for metastases and death. It accounts for nearly 25% of bladder cancer diagnoses. A diagnostic work-up for MIBC is inclusive of urologic evaluation, radiographic imaging with a CT scan, urinalysis, and cystoscopy. These evaluations, especially cystoscopy, are invasive and carry the risk of secondary health concerns. Non-invasive diagnostics such as urine cytology are an attractive alternative currently being investigated to mitigate the requirement for cystoscopy. A pitfall in urine cytology is the lack of available options with high reliability, specificity, and sensitivity to malignant bladder cells. Exosomes are a novel biomarker source which could resolve some of the concerns with urine cytology, due to the high specificity as the surrogates of tumor cells. This review serves to define muscle invasive bladder cancer, current urine cytology methods, the role of exosomes in MIBC, and exosomes application as a diagnostic tool in MIBC. Urinary exosomes as the specific populations of extracellular vesicles could provide additional biomarkers with specificity and sensitivity to bladder malignancies, which are a consistent source of cellular information to direct clinicians for developing treatment strategies. Given its strong presence and differentiation ability between normal and cancerous cells, exosome-based urine cytology is highly promising in providing a perspective of a patient’s bladder cancer.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neo.2020.11.011
发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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