HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among injecting drug users in six indonesian cities implications for future HIV prevention programs.
HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among injecting drug users in six indonesian cities implications for future HIV prevention programs.
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DOI：
10.1186/1477-7517-9-37
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发表时间：
2012-09-03
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Magnani R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morineau G;Bollen LJ;Syafitri RI;Nurjannah N;Mustikawati DE;Magnani R
2005年，印度尼西亚注射毒品使用者中的艾滋病毒流行率达到50%。虽然在印度尼西亚使用毒品仍然是非法的，但2006年实施了针头和注射器方案。2007年，在六个城市的注射吸毒者中进行了一次综合行为和生物监测调查。通过时间-地点抽样和应答者驱动抽样选择注射吸毒者。面对面进行问卷调查。对来自四个城市的注射吸毒者进行了艾滋病毒、梅毒、淋病和衣原体检测。与艾滋病毒相关的因素进行了评估，使用广义估计方程。对艾滋病毒阳性注射吸毒者中艾滋病毒的性传播风险进行了评估。在1,404名注射吸毒者中，70%是每日注射者，31%报告在过去一周共用针头。大多数（76%）注射吸毒者在前一周从NSP获得注射设备; 26%的人总是携带针头，那些没有的人害怕警察逮捕。性传播感染流行率较低（8%）。艾滋病毒流行率为52%;注射不足1年的注射吸毒者中为27%，注射1-3年的注射吸毒者中为35%，而长期注射者中为61%（p < 0.001）。与长期注射者相比，注射不足3年的注射吸毒者在过去一周内更有可能使用干净的针头（p < 0.001）。HIV阳性状态与注射时间、曾经被监禁和在公园注射有关。在感染艾滋病毒的注射吸毒者中，上周与稳定、随意和商业性伴侣持续使用安全套的报告分别为13%、24%和32%。虽然NSP的使用可能减少了注射史较短的注射者中的艾滋病毒传播，但印度尼西亚注射吸毒者中的艾滋病毒流行率仍然高得令人无法接受。安全套的使用不足，主张在减少伤害方案的同时加强预防性传播。
The HIV prevalence among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Indonesia reached 50% in 2005. While drug use remains illegal in Indonesia, a needle and syringe program (NSP) was implemented in 2006. In 2007, an integrated behavioural and biological surveillance survey was conducted among IDUs in six cities. IDUs were selected via time-location sampling and respondent-driven sampling. A questionnaire was administered face-to-face. IDUs from four cities were tested for HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia. Factors associated with HIV were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Risk for sexual transmission of HIV was assessed among HIV-positive IDUs. Among 1,404 IDUs, 70% were daily injectors and 31% reported sharing needles in the past week. Most (76%) IDUs received injecting equipment from NSP in the prior week; 26% always carried a needle and those who didn’t, feared police arrest. STI prevalence was low (8%). HIV prevalence was 52%; 27% among IDUs injecting less than 1 year, 35% among those injecting for 1–3 years compared to 61% in long term injectors (p < 0.001). IDUs injecting for less than 3 years were more likely to have used clean needles in the past week compared to long term injectors (p < 0.001). HIV-positive status was associated with duration of injecting, ever been imprisoned and injecting in public parks. Among HIV-infected IDUs, consistent condom use last week with steady, casual and commercial sex partners was reported by 13%, 24% and 32%, respectively. Although NSP uptake has possibly reduced HIV transmission among injectors with shorter injection history, the prevalence of HIV among IDUs in Indonesia remains unacceptably high. Condom use is insufficient, which advocates for strengthening prevention of sexual transmission alongside harm reduction programs.
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影响因子：
168.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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作者：
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影响因子：
120.7
作者：
DESJARLAIS, DC;FRIEDMAN, SR;MARMOR, M
通讯作者：
MARMOR, M
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Winarso, Inang;Irawati, Ingrid;Mesquita, Fabio
通讯作者：
Mesquita, Fabio